does this do what you want:
import ssl
import socket
hostname = 'www.google.com'
context = ssl.create_default_context()
with socket.create_connection((hostname, 443)) as sock:
with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=hostname) as ssock:
for cipher in context.get_ciphers():
print(cipher)
Output:
{'id': 50380844, 'name': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-gcm', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-ecdsa'}
{'id': 50380848, 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-gcm', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331807, 'name': 'DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH
Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-gcm', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-dhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50384041, 'name': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'chacha20-poly1305', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-ecdsa'}
{'id': 50384040, 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'chacha20-poly1305', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50384042, 'name': 'DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH
Au=RSA Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'chacha20-poly1305', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-dhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50380843, 'name': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-gcm', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-ecdsa'}
{'id': 50380847, 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-gcm', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331806, 'name': 'DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH
Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-gcm', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-dhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50380836, 'name': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH
Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-cbc', 'digest': 'sha384', 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-ecdsa'}
{'id': 50380840, 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-cbc', 'digest': 'sha384', 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331755, 'name': 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-cbc', 'digest': 'sha256', 'kea': 'kx-dhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50380835, 'name': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH
Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-cbc', 'digest': 'sha256', 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-ecdsa'}
{'id': 50380839, 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-cbc', 'digest': 'sha256', 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331751, 'name': 'DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-cbc', 'digest': 'sha256', 'kea': 'kx-dhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50380810, 'name': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.0', 'description': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA TLSv1 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-cbc', 'digest': 'sha1', 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-ecdsa'}
{'id': 50380820, 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.0', 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA TLSv1 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA
Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-cbc', 'digest': 'sha1', 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331705, 'name': 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA', 'protocol': 'SSLv3', 'description': 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-cbc', 'digest': 'sha1', 'kea': 'kx-dhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50380809, 'name': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.0', 'description': 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA TLSv1 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-cbc', 'digest': 'sha1', 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-ecdsa'}
{'id': 50380819, 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.0', 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA TLSv1 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA
Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-cbc', 'digest': 'sha1', 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331699, 'name': 'DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA', 'protocol': 'SSLv3', 'description': 'DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-cbc', 'digest': 'sha1', 'kea': 'kx-dhe', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331805, 'name': 'AES256-GCM-SHA384', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-gcm', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-rsa', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331804, 'name': 'AES128-GCM-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': True, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-gcm', 'digest': None, 'kea': 'kx-rsa', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331709, 'name': 'AES256-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-cbc', 'digest': 'sha256', 'kea': 'kx-rsa', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331708, 'name': 'AES128-SHA256', 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2', 'description': 'AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-cbc', 'digest': 'sha256', 'kea': 'kx-rsa', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331701, 'name': 'AES256-SHA', 'protocol': 'SSLv3', 'description': 'AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1', 'strength_bits': 256, 'alg_bits': 256, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-256-cbc', 'digest': 'sha1', 'kea': 'kx-rsa', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
{'id': 50331695, 'name': 'AES128-SHA', 'protocol': 'SSLv3', 'description': 'AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1', 'strength_bits': 128, 'alg_bits': 128, 'aead': False, 'symmetric': 'aes-128-cbc', 'digest': 'sha1', 'kea': 'kx-rsa', 'auth': 'auth-rsa'}
note - I don't have experience with ssl module, but looking at the docs....