Posts: 17
Threads: 2
Joined: Nov 2016
Hi there ..first program I have made in python is conway's game of life (see wikipedia).
I used Python 3.5, tkinter using commands enclosed and overlapping.
Maybe a bit primitive for most here but it works ! and fun to see.
If anyone has time to have a look at it , I would appreciate suggestions where to improve on writing/shortening.
Here it is. Apologies for the length (150 lines).
#Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbours dies, as if caused by under-population.
#Any live cell with two or three live neighbours lives on to the next generation.
#Any live cell with more than three live neighbours dies, as if by over-population.
#Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbours becomes a live cell, as if by reproduction.
########################################################################
import time
from tkinter import *
tk = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(tk, width=1200, height=900,bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.pack()
##################### VARIABLES ########################################
keypressed = "" # no key pressed yet
sqident = 1 # object number of SQuare and IDENTifier
dubblelist=[] # prevent object being placed twice at same position
############# GENERATE FIELD MANUALLY ######################
# ^ UP, V DOWN, < LEFT, > RIGHT, X = CREATE, f = FINISHED - START GAME
sq = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="grey") #starting square identifier = 1
def movesquare(event): # detect movement keys
if event.keysym == "Up":
canvas.move(sqident, 0, -50) #identifier, x, y
elif event.keysym == "Down":
canvas.move(sqident, 0, 50)
elif event.keysym == "Left":
canvas.move(sqident, -50, 0)
elif event.keysym == "Right":
canvas.move(sqident, 50, 0)
def otherkey(event): #detect other keys pressed
global sqident
global keypressed
keypressed = event.keysym
if keypressed == "x": # make new square
if (canvas.coords(sqident)) not in dubblelist: # prevent creating twice
sqident +=1 #new square identifier
sq=canvas.create_rectangle((canvas.coords(sqident-1)), fill="grey") #new square created at previous position
dubblelist.append(canvas.coords(sqident-1))
while 1:
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Up>", movesquare) # snap niet verschil annotatie "Up"vs <KeyPress-Up>
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Down>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Left>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Right>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("x", otherkey)
canvas.bind_all("f", otherkey)
if keypressed == "f":
canvas.delete(sqident)
break
tk.update_idletasks()
tk.update()
############################## start animation #############################
numberofgenerations =0
while numberofgenerations < 1000:
tk.update()
##################### variables ########################################
livelist = canvas.find_all() # livelist = list of al objectIDs on canvas
leli = len(livelist) # leli = number of objects on canvas
createlist=[] # createlist = newly created squares stored this list (coordinates are stored!)
killlist=[] # killlist = to be killed squares stored in this list (objectIDs are stored!)
#########################################################################
# Staying ALIVE OR DIE using Object IDs. Detecting number of neighbours. Store in killist
for x in range(1,leli+1):
# look in livelist for object identifier at position x and retrieve its coordinates
x1=(canvas.coords(livelist[x-1])[0]); y1=(canvas.coords(livelist[x-1])[1])
x2=(canvas.coords(livelist[x-1])[2]); y2=(canvas.coords(livelist[x-1])[3])
# Count number of Neighbours CN by using overlap function (-1 as it includes object itself)
CN=(len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1,y1,x2,y2))-1) #
if CN < 2: #dead too few neighbours
killlist.append (canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1-10,x2+10,y2+10))
# enclosed function gives Object ID square within enclosed. Enclosed needs wider coordinates
# do nothing if CN==2 OR CN==3 (survive)
if CN > 3: #dead too many neighbours
killlist.append (canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1-10,x2+10,y2+10))
#########################################################################
# Creating new lives. Store in createlist
# look at coordinates NW,N,NE,W,E,SW,S,SE of object
# detect whether empty and count number of adjacent to empty field. If 3 create new live
for x in range(1,leli+1):
x1=(canvas.coords(livelist[x-1])[0]); y1=(canvas.coords(livelist[x-1])[1])
x2=(canvas.coords(livelist[x-1])[2]); y2=(canvas.coords(livelist[x-1])[3])
NWcoordinates=[x1-50,y1-50,x2-50,y2-50] # North West coordinates
NW=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1-50,y1-50,x2-50,y2-50)) # Number of objects around NW
NWencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-60,y1-60,x2-40,y2-40)) # NW coordinates -> 0 is empty ; 1 is present
Nocoordinates=[x1,y1-50,x2,y2-50] #North
No=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1,y1-50,x2,y2-50))
Noencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1-60,x2+10,y2-40))
NEcoordinates=[x1+50,y1-50,x2+50,y2-50] #North East
NE=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1+50,y1-50,x2+50,y2-50))
NEencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1+40,y1-60,x2+60,y2-40))
Wecoordinates=[x1-50,y1,x2-50,y2] #West
We=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1-50,y1,x2-50,y2))
Weencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-60,y1-10,x2-40,y2+10))
Eacoordinates=[x1+50,y1,x2+50,y2] #East
Ea=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1+50,y1,x2+50,y2))
Eaencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1+40,y1-10,x2+60,y2+10))
SWcoordinates=[x1-50,y1+50,x2-50,y2+50] #South West
SW=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1-50,y1+50,x2-50,y2+50))
SWencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-60,y1+40,x2-40,y2+60))
Socoordinates=[x1,y1+50,x2,y2+50] #South
So=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1,y1+50,x2,y2+50))
Soencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1+40,x2+10,y2+60))
SEcoordinates=[x1+50,y1+50,x2+50,y2+50] #South East
SE=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1+50,y1+50,x2+50,y2+50))
SEencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1+40,y1+40,x2+60,y2+60))
if NWencl != 1: # NWencl (enclosed) not 1 thus is empty
if NW == 3: # NW 3 (overlapping) neighbours thus new life
if NWcoordinates not in createlist: # prevent creating twice
createlist.append (NWcoordinates)
if Noencl != 1:
if No == 3:
if Nocoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (Nocoordinates)
if NEencl != 1:
if NE == 3:
if NEcoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (NEcoordinates)
if Weencl != 1:
if We == 3:
if Wecoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (Wecoordinates)
if Eaencl != 1:
if Ea == 3:
if Eacoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (Eacoordinates)
if SWencl != 1:
if SW == 3:
if SWcoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (SWcoordinates)
if Soencl != 1:
if So == 3:
if Socoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (Socoordinates)
if SEencl != 1:
if SE == 3:
if SEcoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (SEcoordinates)
#########################################################################
#start CReating
lecl=len(createlist) #number of objects to create (len)
for CR in range(0,lecl):
sq=canvas.create_rectangle(createlist[CR], fill="grey") #select from createlist coordinates
#########################################################################
#start KIlling
leki=len(killlist) #number of objects to kill (len)
for KI in range(0,leki):
kill=(killlist)[KI] #select from killlist Object ID
canvas.delete(kill)
#########################################################################
# slow down
for TI in range(0,2):
time.sleep(0.2)
numberofgenerations +=1
mainloop()
Posts: 4,558
Threads: 1,463
Joined: Sep 2016
i did my life game program in assembly. mine did some fancy low level tricks to achieve 4 cells looked up in parallel for speed. it ran directly in video memory and achieved 22 cycles (frames) per second for the whole screen in 320x200 mode. blink and you miss things so i had to add a single step (one frame) mode.
Tradition is peer pressure from dead people
What do you call someone who speaks three languages? Trilingual. Two languages? Bilingual. One language? American.
Posts: 17
Threads: 2
Joined: Nov 2016
Nov-26-2016, 09:33 AM
(This post was last modified: Nov-26-2016, 10:02 AM by hanscvanleeuwen.)
No clue how many cycles per second mine runs. I included a time loop at the end in order to slow it down.
The whole program takes 120 lines, which is shorter than I expected when I began writing.
I had some comments and variables in Dutch (where I'm from) now replaced in English. Plus some small improvements. Program again below.
^ = UP, V = DOWN, < = LEFT, > = RIGHT, x = CREATE, f = FINISHED (START GAME)
Any suggestions how I could add random colors to squares ? Idea was to make a list ["red", "yellow", "blue" etc] and random pick the color from the list.
Hans
import time
from tkinter import *
tk = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(tk, width=1200, height=900,bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.pack()
##################### VARIABLES ############################
keypressed = "" # no key pressed yet
sqident = 1 # object number of SQuare and IDENTifier
doublelist=[] # prevent object being placed twice at same position
############# GENERATE FIELD MANUALLY ! #####################
# ^ UP, V DOWN, < LEFT, > RIGHT, X = CREATE, f = FINISHED - START GAME
sq = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="grey") #starting square (identifier = 1)
def movesquare(event): # detect movement keys
if event.keysym == "Up":
canvas.move(sqident, 0, -50) #identifier, x, y
elif event.keysym == "Down":
canvas.move(sqident, 0, 50)
elif event.keysym == "Left":
canvas.move(sqident, -50, 0)
elif event.keysym == "Right":
canvas.move(sqident, 50, 0)
def otherkey(event): #detect other keys pressed
global sqident
global keypressed
keypressed = event.keysym
if keypressed == "x": # make new square
if (canvas.coords(sqident)) not in doublelist: # prevent creating twice
sq=canvas.create_rectangle((canvas.coords(sqident)), fill="grey") #new square created at previous position
doublelist.append(canvas.coords(sqident))
sqident +=1 #new square identifier
while 1:
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Up>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Down>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Left>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Right>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("x", otherkey)
canvas.bind_all("f", otherkey)
if keypressed == "f":
canvas.delete(sqident)
break
tk.update_idletasks()
tk.update()
############################## start animation #############################
numberofgenerations =0
while numberofgenerations < 1000:
tk.update()
##################### variables ########################################
livelist = canvas.find_all() # livelist = list of al objectIDs on canvas
leli = len(livelist) # leli = number of objects on canvas
createlist=[] # createlist = newly created squares stored this list (coordinates are stored!)
killlist=[] # killlist = to be killed squares stored in this list (objectIDs are stored!)
# Staying ALIVE OR DIE using Object IDs. Detecting number of neighbours. Store in killist
for x in range(0,leli):
# look in livelist for object identifier at position x and retrieve its coordinates
x1=(canvas.coords(livelist[x])[0]); y1=(canvas.coords(livelist[x])[1])
x2=(canvas.coords(livelist[x])[2]); y2=(canvas.coords(livelist[x])[3])
# Count number of Neighbours (CN) by using overlap function (-1 as it includes object itself)
CN=(len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1,y1,x2,y2))-1)
if CN < 2: #dead too few neighbours
killlist.append (canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1-10,x2+10,y2+10))
# enclosed function gives Object ID square within enclosed. Enclosed needs wider coordinates
# do nothing if CN==2 OR CN==3 (survive)
if CN > 3: #dead too many neighbours
killlist.append (canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1-10,x2+10,y2+10))
#########################################################################
# Creating NEW lives. Store in createlist.
# look at coordinates NW,N,NE,W,E,SW,S,SE of squares
# detect whether empty (enclosed) and count number of adjacent(overlapping) to empty field. If 3 create new live
for x in range(0,leli):
x1=(canvas.coords(livelist[x])[0]); y1=(canvas.coords(livelist[x])[1])
x2=(canvas.coords(livelist[x])[2]); y2=(canvas.coords(livelist[x])[3])
NWcoordinates=[x1-50,y1-50,x2-50,y2-50] # North West coordinates
NW=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1-50,y1-50,x2-50,y2-50)) # Number of objects around NW
NWencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-60,y1-60,x2-40,y2-40)) # enclosed NW coordinates:0 is empty; 1 is present
Nocoordinates=[x1,y1-50,x2,y2-50] #North
No=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1,y1-50,x2,y2-50))
Noencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1-60,x2+10,y2-40))
NEcoordinates=[x1+50,y1-50,x2+50,y2-50] #North East
NE=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1+50,y1-50,x2+50,y2-50))
NEencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1+40,y1-60,x2+60,y2-40))
Wecoordinates=[x1-50,y1,x2-50,y2] #West
We=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1-50,y1,x2-50,y2))
Weencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-60,y1-10,x2-40,y2+10))
Eacoordinates=[x1+50,y1,x2+50,y2] #East
Ea=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1+50,y1,x2+50,y2))
Eaencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1+40,y1-10,x2+60,y2+10))
SWcoordinates=[x1-50,y1+50,x2-50,y2+50] #South West
SW=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1-50,y1+50,x2-50,y2+50))
SWencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-60,y1+40,x2-40,y2+60))
Socoordinates=[x1,y1+50,x2,y2+50] #South
So=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1,y1+50,x2,y2+50))
Soencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1+40,x2+10,y2+60))
SEcoordinates=[x1+50,y1+50,x2+50,y2+50] #South East
SE=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1+50,y1+50,x2+50,y2+50))
SEencl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1+40,y1+40,x2+60,y2+60))
if NWencl != 1: # NWencl (enclosed) not 1 thus is empty. Possible new life
if NW == 3: # NW has 3 (overlapping) neighbours thus new life
if NWcoordinates not in createlist: # prevent creating twice
createlist.append (NWcoordinates)
if Noencl != 1:
if No == 3:
if Nocoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (Nocoordinates)
if NEencl != 1:
if NE == 3:
if NEcoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (NEcoordinates)
if Weencl != 1:
if We == 3:
if Wecoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (Wecoordinates)
if Eaencl != 1:
if Ea == 3:
if Eacoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (Eacoordinates)
if SWencl != 1:
if SW == 3:
if SWcoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (SWcoordinates)
if Soencl != 1:
if So == 3:
if Socoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (Socoordinates)
if SEencl != 1:
if SE == 3:
if SEcoordinates not in createlist:
createlist.append (SEcoordinates)
#Start CReating
lecl=len(createlist) #number of objects to create (len)
for CR in range(0,lecl):
sq=canvas.create_rectangle(createlist[CR], fill="blue") #select coordinates from createlist
#Start KIlling
leki=len(killlist) #number of objects to kill (len)
for KI in range(0,leki):
kill=(killlist)[KI] #select from killlist Object ID
canvas.delete(kill) #delete ObjectID
#Slow down
for TI in range(0,2):
time.sleep(0.1)
numberofgenerations +=1
mainloop()
Surprisingly some figures run off the canvas and come back later! Thus canvas has no limits.
Originally I had planned something to screen the canvas in x and y directions and calculate each position directly.
By chosing to keep track of each square by object ID it can run off the screen freely.!!
Posts: 17
Threads: 2
Joined: Nov 2016
Pretty cool is to change color every generation so I did this:
(in last file)
After line 48
color=0
colsel=["Hot Pink","Deep Pink","Pink","Light Pink","Pale Violet Red","Maroon","Medium Violet Red","Violet Red","Violet","Plum","Orchid","Medium Orchid","Dark Orchid","Dark Violet","Blue Violet","Purple","Medium Purple","Thistle"]
After line 50
color +=1
if color == 18:
color = 1
replace line 147
sq=canvas.create_rectangle(createlist[CR], fill="blue")
with
sq=canvas.create_rectangle(createlist[CR], fill=(colsel[color]))
You'll see a new color every generation!
Posts: 4,558
Threads: 1,463
Joined: Sep 2016
i did a color version, much slower in C. i used color bits (RGB) to form a type of DNA and let new cells inherit color bits to see how things would spread. old cells just kept the same colors. empty spaces were black. i had many other ideas i never implemented. today i might try making the cells show up as smilie faces  
Tradition is peer pressure from dead people
What do you call someone who speaks three languages? Trilingual. Two languages? Bilingual. One language? American.
Posts: 591
Threads: 26
Joined: Sep 2016
Here is a minimal pygame version with aging:
https://github.com/Mekire/Conway-User-Interaction
And also, a prime example of terrible terrible code. But here is a ridiculously full featured version I did years ago:
https://github.com/Mekire/life-as-a-bit
Includes patterns you can stamp; cutting and pasting; zooming; etc.
Don't look at the code; just don't.
Posts: 17
Threads: 2
Joined: Nov 2016
Nice. Sorry, I had to look at some of the code.. only way to learn.
I might copy your approach for adjacents.
ADJACENTS = {(-1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 1), (-1, 0),
(1, 0), (-1, -1), (0,-1), (1,-1)}
I put that in 8 separate lines.
Posts: 606
Threads: 3
Joined: Nov 2016
Nov-29-2016, 02:41 PM
(This post was last modified: Nov-29-2016, 02:41 PM by heiner55.)
You could improve the while-loop:
numberofgenerations =0
while numberofgenerations < 1000: to:
While True:
...
if user press stop-key:
break;
if no changes any more:
break;
You can shorten for example:
leki=len(killlist)
for KI in range(0,leki):
kill=(killlist)[KI] #select from killlist Object ID
canvas.delete(kill) to
for kill in killlist:
canvas.delete(kill)
Posts: 17
Threads: 2
Joined: Nov 2016
Thanks Heiner,
Shows you what a novice I am. I didn't know that you could use the - FOR . . IN ..- command that way.
( my solution .. getting length first and using range (0, length) must look stupid)
I did FOR . . IN for the creatlist as well.
Working on the stop-key now!
Posts: 17
Threads: 2
Joined: Nov 2016
Homework finished .. less than 80 lines (assigment) .colors extra . thanks to you guys
import time
from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
window.title("Conway's Game of Life")
canvas = Canvas(window, width=1200, height=900,bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.pack()
text_ = Text(window, height=2, width=30)
text_.pack()
text_.insert(END, "To MOVE use arrow keys. Press x to seed. f to finish")
##################### VARIABLES ############################
keypressed = ""; SQident = 1; double=[]
sq = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="grey") # starting square,identifier = 1
def movesquare(event): # detect movement keys
if event.keysym == "Up":
canvas.move(SQident, 0, -50)
elif event.keysym == "Down":
canvas.move(SQident, 0, 50)
elif event.keysym == "Left":
canvas.move(SQident, -50, 0)
elif event.keysym == "Right":
canvas.move(SQident, 50, 0)
def otherkey(event): #detect other keys pressed
global SQident; global keypressed
keypressed = event.keysym
if keypressed == "x": # make new square
if (canvas.coords(SQident)) not in double: # prevent creating twice
sq=canvas.create_rectangle((canvas.coords(SQident)), fill="grey") #new square created
double.append(canvas.coords(SQident))
SQident +=1 #new square identifier
while 1:
window.update()
window.update_idletasks()
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Up>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Down>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Left>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Right>", movesquare)
canvas.bind_all("x", otherkey)
canvas.bind_all("f", otherkey)
if keypressed == "f":
canvas.delete(SQident)
break
############################## start creation #############################
numberofgenerations =0 ; color=0
colsel=["Light Pink","Pale Violet Red","Deep Pink","Medium Violet Red","Orchid","Medium Orchid","Medium Purple","Dark Violet","Blue Violet","Purple"]
Neigh=([-50,-50,-50,-50],[0,-50,0,-50],[+50,-50,+50,-50],[-50,0,-50,0],[+50,0,+50,0],[-50,+50,-50,+50],[0,+50,0,+50],[+50,+50,+50,+50])
#Neigh contains coordinates, NW,N,NW,W,E,SW, SW,SE of square
while numberofgenerations < 1000:
window.update()
window.update_idletasks()
color +=1
if color == 10:
color = 1
livelist = canvas.find_all() #= retrieves list of al objectIDs on canvas
createlist=[] #= Coordinates of newly created squares stored this list.
killlist=[] #= objectIDs to be killed squares stored in this list.
# Staying ALIVE OR DIE
for live in livelist: # look in livelist for object identifier and retrieve its coordinates
x1=(canvas.coords(live)[0]); y1=(canvas.coords(live)[1])
x2=(canvas.coords(live)[2]); y2=(canvas.coords(live)[3])
CN=(len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1,y1,x2,y2))-1)
# Count number of neighbours (CN) by using overlap function (-1 as it includes object itself)
if CN < 2: #dead too few neighbours
killlist.append (canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1-10,x2+10,y2+10))
# enclosed gives Object ID square within enclosed (needs wider coordinates-10,-10,+10,+10)
if CN > 3: #dead too many neighbours
killlist.append (canvas.find_enclosed(x1-10,y1-10,x2+10,y2+10))
# Detect whether Neighbours empty (via Encl/enclosed) and count number of adjacent(via Overl/overlapping).
for Ne in Neigh:
Coo=[x1+Ne[0],y1+Ne[1],x2+Ne[2],y2+Ne[3]] # Coo = surrounding coordinates
Overl=len(canvas.find_overlapping(x1+Ne[0],y1+Ne[1],x2+Ne[2],y2+Ne[3])) # Number of objects surrounding
Encl=len(canvas.find_enclosed(x1+Ne[0]-10,y1+Ne[1]-10,x2+Ne[2]+10,y2+Ne[3]+10)) # enclosed coordinates:0 is empty; 1 is present
if Encl != 1: # enclosed not 1 thus is field is empty. Possible new life
if Overl == 3: # has 3 neighbours thus new life
if Coo not in createlist: # prevent creating twice
createlist.append (Coo)
for create in createlist: #Start creating
sq=canvas.create_rectangle(create, fill=(colsel[color])) #select coordinates from createlist
for kill in killlist: #Start killing
canvas.delete(kill) #Delete ObjectID
for TI in range(0,2): #Slow down
time.sleep(0.1)
numberofgenerations +=1
mainloop()
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