Python Forum

hi, sorry additional question, how to print all "__text_signature__",
I tried this but failed

import os
for di in dir(os):
    print(di)
    print(di.__text_signature__)

Error:
    print(di.__text_signature__)
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute '__text_signature__'

dir() returns attributes names, not the attributes themselves. Attribute names are str objects. str objects do not have a __text_signature__ attribute. It is likely a module has attributes that are not functions or methods. Only functions or methods may have __text_signature__ attributes, and not even all of those.

You should read about the inspect module. It provides a better interface for getting the information you are after.

https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html

In this example I display all the functions/methods in the os module that have signatures.

import inspect
import os

for name, item in inspect.getmembers(os, predicate=inspect.isroutine):  # True if function or method
    try:
        signature = inspect.signature(item)
        module = inspect.getmodule(item).__name__
        print(f"{module}.{name}{signature}")
    except:
        pass

Small sampling of output when run on Windows. Note that not all functions are in the "os" module. Some are from "nt" which is a Python binding to some Windows os-like functions. The "nt" functions are accessed through the "os" module, but not defined there.

Output:
collections.abc._check_methods(C, *methods)
os._execvpe(file, args, env=None)
os._exists(name)
nt._exit(status)
os._fspath(path)
...
nt.dup(fd, /)
nt.dup2(fd, fd2, inheritable=True)
os.execl(file, *args)
os.execle(file, *args)

To learn about a module you should really read the documentation. I'm pretty sure you should not be using os._check_methods() or any of the ._functions.

(Sep-27-2022, 08:04 PM)deanhystad Wrote: [ -> ]dir() returns attributes names, not the attributes themselves. Attribute names are str objects. str objects do not have a __text_signature__ attribute. It is likely a module has attributes that are not functions or methods. Only functions or methods may have __text_signature__ attributes, and not even all of those.

You should read about the inspect module. It provides a better interface for getting the information you are after.

https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html

In this example I display all the functions/methods in the os module that have signatures.

import inspect
import os

for name, item in inspect.getmembers(os, predicate=inspect.isroutine):  # True if function or method
    try:
        signature = inspect.signature(item)
        module = inspect.getmodule(item).__name__
        print(f"{module}.{name}{signature}")
    except:
        pass

THANK YOUUUUUUUUUUUUUU