#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import division, print_function
"""
file          pyutils.py
purpose       collection of my useful python stuff
email         10054452614123394844460370234029112340408691

The intent is that this module works corrently under both Python 2 and
Python 3.  Please report failures or code improvement to the author.
"""

__license__ = """
Copyright (C) 2016, by Phil D. Howard - all other rights reserved

Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

The author may be contacted by decoding the number
10054452614123394844460370234029112340408691
"""

import  base64
from    base64          import  b16decode, b16encode
from    base64          import  b32decode, b32encode
from    base64          import  b64decode, b64encode
import  datetime
import  decimal
from    decimal         import  Decimal, InvalidOperation
import  hashlib
from    hashlib         import  sha256, sha384, sha512
import  json
from    numbers         import  Number
import  os
import  pickle
import  random
from    random          import  randint
import  signal
from    signal          import  SIGKILL, SIGTERM
import  subprocess
from    subprocess      import  call, PIPE, Popen
import  sys
from    sys             import  argv, stderr, stdin, stdout, version_info
import  time
from    time            import  sleep

cd = os.chdir
env = os.environ
now = datetime.datetime.now

__y__=('ano','bai','da','ie','ja','jah','jes','kylla','oui','si','sim','taip','tak','yes')
__n__=('dim','ei','ez','ingen','inno','nao','ne','nee','nei','nein','nej','neniu','nie','no','non','nu')
__t__=('cierto','egia','ekte','ikke','istina','pravi','rigtigt','sann','satt','totta','true','vera','veraj','verdade','veritable','vero','vrai','waar','wahr','wier')
__f__=('falsa','falsch','false','falsk','falso','faux','lazan','rangar','sbagliate','vaara','vals')
__yt__=set(__y__+__t__)
__nf__=set(__n__+__f__)

# deprecated, no docstrings:
if 'i_want_old_deprecated_isxxx_functions' in locals():

    def isstr(x):
        return True if 'split' in dir(x) else False

    def isdict(x):
        return True if 'items' in dir(x) else False

    def isanylist(x):
        return False if 'split' in dir(x) else True if 'index' in dir(x) else False

    def isonlylist(x):
        return False if 'split' in dir(x) else True if 'sort' in dir(x) else False

    def istuple(x):
        return False if 'sort' in dir(x) else True if 'index' in dir(x) else False

    def isint(x):
        return True if 'bit_length' in dir(x) else False

    def isfloat(x):
        return True if 'is_integer' in dir(x) else False

    def isdecimal(x):
        return True if 'radix' in dir(x) else False

    def isdatetime(x):
        return True if 'time' in dir(x) else False

    def isdate(x):
        return True if 'isocalendar' in dir(x) else False

    def isnum(x):
        return True if 'bit_length' in dir(x) else True if 'is_integer' in dir(x) else True if 'radix' in dir(x) else False


def chunk(s,l):
    """
    function      chunk
    purpose       split a sequence into fixed size chunks
    thanks        j.crater, wavic, Mekire (python-forum.io)
    """
    return [s] if l<1 else (s[0+i:l+i] for i in range(0,len(s),l))


def fint(x):
    """
    function      fint
    purpose       convert x to an int only if x is a float with an int value
    """
    if isinstance(x, float):
        if x.is_integer():
            return int(x)
    return x


def tprint( *msg, **opt ):
    """
    function      tprint
    purpose       a print function that avoids exceptions such as bad pipelines
    """
    try:
        return print( *msg, **opt )
    except IOError:
        return None


def eprint( *msg, **opt ):
    """
    function      eprint
    purpose       like tprint() but defaults to file=sys.stderr
    """
    if 'file' in opt:
        f = opt[ 'file' ]
    else:
        f = stderr
    return tprint( *msg, file=f,  **opt )


def b16to32(x):
    """
    function      b16to32
    purpose       convert base 16 encoding to base 32 encoding
    """
    return b32encode(b16decode(x.upper())).decode( 'ascii' )


def b16to64(x,*a):
    """
    function      b16to64
    purpose       convert base 16 encoding to base 64 encoding
    """
    return b64encode(b16decode(x.upper()),*a).decode( 'ascii' )


def b32to16(x):
    """
    function      b32to16
    purpose       convert base 32 encoding to base 16 encoding
    """
    return b16encode(b32decode(x)).decode( 'ascii' ).lower()


def b32to64(x,*a):
    """
    function      b32to64
    purpose       convert base 32 encoding to base 64 encoding
    """
    return b64encode(b32decode(x),*a).decode( 'ascii' )


def b64to16(x,*a):
    """
    function      b64to16
    purpose       convert base 64 encoding to base 16 encoding
    """
    return b16encode(b64decode(x,*a)).decode( 'ascii' ).lower()


def b64to32(x,*a):
    """
    function      b64to32
    purpose       convert base 64 encoding to base 32 encoding
    """
    return b32encode(b64decode(x,*a)).decode( 'ascii' )


def mc_env( name ):
    """
    function      mc_env
    pupose        mixed case environment lookup (UPPER CASE PREVAILS)
    """
    if name.upper() in env:
        return env[ name.upper() ]
    if name.lower() in env:
        return env[ name.lower() ]
    if name in env:
        return env[ name ]
    return None


def valid_decimal( decarg ):
    """
    function      valid_decimal
    purpose       non-exception test if given value can be decimal.Decimal
    """
    try:
        result = Decimal( decarg )
    except InvalidOperation:
        result = None
    return result


def unmod(n,m):
    """
    function      unmod
    purpose       Return the remainder after subtracting the modulus
    note          If a list or tuple of numbers is given, return in kind
    arguments     1 (num) number
                  2 (num) modulus
    returns       (num) number - (number % modulus)
    example       unmod(456789,1000) -> 456000
                  unmod(256,15) -> 240
    usage         unmod(seconds,3600) -> start of this hour in seconds
                  unmod(seconds,86400) -> start of this day in seconds
                  unmod(minutes,1440) -> start of this day in minutes
    """
    if not isinstance( m, Number ):
        raise TypeError('Not a number passed to unmod() arg2: %s (modulus)' % repr(m))
    if isinstance( n, (tuple,list) ):
        ns = [unmod(x,m) for x in n]
        if isinstance( n, tuple ):
            return tuple(ns)
        return ns
    if not isinstance( n, Number ):
        raise TypeError('Not a number passed to unmod() arg1: %s (value)' % repr(n))
    if m == 0:
        raise ValueError('Zero passed to unmod() arg2 (modulus)')
    if m < 0:
        raise ValueError('Negative value passed to unmod() arg2: %s (modulus)' % repr(m))
    return n - (n % m)


def find_unicode(u,notfound=-1):
    """
    function      find_unicode
    purpose       In a unicode string, find the position of the first character
                  that requires the unicode type and cannot be represented in
                  mere string type.
    returns       (int) position or the value specified by notfound=
    """
    l = len(u)
    for n in xrange(l):
        if ord(u[n]) > 127:
            return n
    return notfound


def scale( new1, new2, old1, old2, value ):
    """
    function      scale
    purpose       Change the scale of a given number
    arguments     1 (num) the beginning of the new scale
                  2 (num) the ending of the new scale
                  3 (num) the beginning of the old scale
                  4 (num) the ending of the old scale
                  5 (num or tuple/list/dict of nums) value(s) to be rescaled
    returns       (like arg 5) rescaled value(s) or None
    """
    delta = old2 - old1
    if isinstance( value, tuple):
        t = ()
        for v in value:
            t = t + ( ( (new2 - new1) * (v - old1) + (new1 * delta) ) / delta, )
        return t
    if isinstance( value, (list,tuple) ):
        l = []
        for v in value:
            l += [ ( (new2 - new1) * (v - old1) + (new1 * delta) ) / delta ]
        return l
    if isinstance( value, dict ):
        d = {}
        for k in value.keys():
            d[k] = ( (new2 - new1) * (value[k] - old1) + (new1 * delta) ) / delta
        return d
    if isinstance( value, Number ):
        return ( (new2 - new1) * (value - old1) + (new1 * delta) ) / delta
    return None


def plural( value, one='', not_one='s' ):
    """
    function      plural
    purpose       Syntactic sugar to yield 's' for plural cases else ''
                  and allow substituting other strings.
    usage         print( 'I see %d thing%s here'%(n,plural(n)) )
                  print( 'il y a %d chose%s ici'%(n,plural(n)) )
                  print( 'Det er %d element%s her'%(n,plural(n,'','er')) )
                  print( 'There %s %d thing%s here'%(plural(n,'is','are'),n,plural(n)) )
    """
    return one if value==1 else not_one


def yes_or_no(x,no=False,yes=True,unknown=None):
    """
    function      yes_or_no
    aliases       oui_ou_non, ja_oder_nein, ja_of_nee, ja_eller_nej, ja_eller_nei
    purpose       Determine if a given string means yes/true or no/false
    arguments     1: the string or value to check
                  no= alternate value to return for no
                  yes= alternate value to return for yes
                  unknown= alternate value to return for unknown
    returns       False or no= if string/value indicates no/false
                  True or yes= if string/value indicates yes/true
                  None or unknwon= if string/value cannot be determined
    note          Only a few European languages are represented here.
    """
    if x == None:
        return unknown
    if isinstance( x, Number ): # isnum also matches bool
        if x:
            return yes
        else:
            return no
    elif isinstance( x, str ):
        if x.lower() in __nf__:
            return no
        elif x.lower() in __yt__:
            return yes
    return unknown

oui_ou_non   = yes_or_no
ja_oder_nein = yes_or_no
ja_of_nee    = yes_or_no
ja_eller_nej = yes_or_no
ja_eller_nei = yes_or_no


def test_pyutils( args ):
    """
    function      test_pyutils
    purpose       perform tests of functions in this module with results output to stdout
    """

    alpha = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

    tprint( '\nTesting scale' )
    for c in (-40,0,10,15.20,25,100 ):
        f = scale( 32,212,0,100, c )
        c = scale( 0,100,32,212, f )
        tprint( str(f)+'F', '==', str(c)+'C')

    tprint( '\nTesting plural' )
    for n in (1,2,3):
        tprint( '' )
        tprint( 'Il y a %d chose%s ici'%(n,plural(n)) )
        tprint( 'Det er %d element%s her'%(n,plural(n,'','er')) )
        tprint( 'There %s %d thing%s here'%(plural(n,'is','are'),n,plural(n)) )

    tprint( '\nTesting oui_ou_non' )
    for f in ('oui','non','yes','no','True','False','None','unknown',True,False,None,-1,0,1,2):
        if oui_ou_non( f ):
            e = True
        else:
            e = False
        tprint( 'for', repr(f), 'the result is', repr(e) )

    tprint( '' )

    for x in range(0,12):
        print(x,repr(list(chunk(alpha,x))))
    for x in (18,36,99,0,-1,-2,-3):
        print(x,repr(list(chunk(alpha,x))))

    tprint( '' )

    return 0


def main( args ):
    """main"""
    return test_pyutils( args )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    result = main( argv )
    stdout.flush()
    try:
        exit( int( result ) )
    except ValueError:
        print( str( result ), file=stderr )
        exit( 1 )
    except TypeError:
        if result == None:
            exit( 0 )
        exit( 255 )
                                                        
# EOF

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import division, print_function
"""
file          pyutils.py
purpose       collection of my useful python stuff
email         10054452614123394844460370234029112340408691

The intent is that this module works corrently under both Python 2 and
Python 3.  Please report failures or code improvement to the author.
"""

__license__ = """
Copyright (C) 2016, by Phil D. Howard - all other rights reserved

Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

The author may be contacted by decoding the number
10054452614123394844460370234029112340408691
"""

import  base64
from    base64          import  b16decode, b16encode
from    base64          import  b32decode, b32encode
from    base64          import  b64decode, b64encode
import  datetime
import  decimal
from    decimal         import  Decimal, InvalidOperation
import  hashlib
from    hashlib         import  sha256, sha384, sha512
import  json
from    numbers         import  Number
import  os
import  pickle
import  random
from    random          import  randint
import  signal
from    signal          import  SIGKILL, SIGTERM
import  subprocess
from    subprocess      import  call, PIPE, Popen
import  sys
from    sys             import  argv, stderr, stdin, stdout, version_info
import  time
from    time            import  sleep

cd = os.chdir
env = os.environ
now = datetime.datetime.now

__y__=('ano','bai','da','ie','ja','jah','jes','kylla','oui','si','sim','taip','tak','yes')
__n__=('dim','ei','ez','ingen','inno','nao','ne','nee','nei','nein','nej','neniu','nie','no','non','nu')
__t__=('cierto','egia','ekte','ikke','istina','pravi','rigtigt','sann','satt','totta','true','vera','veraj','verdade','veritable','vero','vrai','waar','wahr','wier')
__f__=('falsa','falsch','false','falsk','falso','faux','lazan','rangar','sbagliate','vaara','vals')
__yt__=set(__y__+__t__)
__nf__=set(__n__+__f__)

# deprecated, no docstrings:
if 'i_want_old_deprecated_isxxx_functions' in locals():

    def isstr(x):
        return True if 'split' in dir(x) else False

    def isdict(x):
        return True if 'items' in dir(x) else False

    def isanylist(x):
        return False if 'split' in dir(x) else True if 'index' in dir(x) else False

    def isonlylist(x):
        return False if 'split' in dir(x) else True if 'sort' in dir(x) else False

    def istuple(x):
        return False if 'sort' in dir(x) else True if 'index' in dir(x) else False

    def isint(x):
        return True if 'bit_length' in dir(x) else False

    def isfloat(x):
        return True if 'is_integer' in dir(x) else False

    def isdecimal(x):
        return True if 'radix' in dir(x) else False

    def isdatetime(x):
        return True if 'time' in dir(x) else False

    def isdate(x):
        return True if 'isocalendar' in dir(x) else False

    def isnum(x):
        return True if 'bit_length' in dir(x) else True if 'is_integer' in dir(x) else True if 'radix' in dir(x) else False


def chunk(s,l):
    """
    function      chunk
    purpose       split a sequence into fixed size chunks
    thanks        j.crater, wavic, Mekire (python-forum.io)
    """
    return [s] if l<1 else (s[0+i:l+i] for i in range(0,len(s),l))


def fint(x):
    """
    function      fint
    purpose       convert x to an int only if x is a float with an int value
    """
    if isinstance(x, float):
        if x.is_integer():
            return int(x)
    return x


def tprint( *msg, **opt ):
    """
    function      tprint
    purpose       a print function that avoids exceptions such as bad pipelines
    """
    try:
        return print( *msg, **opt )
    except IOError:
        return None


def eprint( *msg, **opt ):
    """
    function      eprint
    purpose       like tprint() but defaults to file=sys.stderr
    """
    if 'file' in opt:
        f = opt[ 'file' ]
    else:
        f = stderr
    return tprint( *msg, file=f,  **opt )


def b16to32(x):
    """
    function      b16to32
    purpose       convert base 16 encoding to base 32 encoding
    """
    return b32encode(b16decode(x.upper())).decode( 'ascii' )


def b16to64(x,*a):
    """
    function      b16to64
    purpose       convert base 16 encoding to base 64 encoding
    """
    return b64encode(b16decode(x.upper()),*a).decode( 'ascii' )


def b32to16(x):
    """
    function      b32to16
    purpose       convert base 32 encoding to base 16 encoding
    """
    return b16encode(b32decode(x)).decode( 'ascii' ).lower()


def b32to64(x,*a):
    """
    function      b32to64
    purpose       convert base 32 encoding to base 64 encoding
    """
    return b64encode(b32decode(x),*a).decode( 'ascii' )


def b64to16(x,*a):
    """
    function      b64to16
    purpose       convert base 64 encoding to base 16 encoding
    """
    return b16encode(b64decode(x,*a)).decode( 'ascii' ).lower()


def b64to32(x,*a):
    """
    function      b64to32
    purpose       convert base 64 encoding to base 32 encoding
    """
    return b32encode(b64decode(x,*a)).decode( 'ascii' )


def mc_env( name ):
    """
    function      mc_env
    pupose        mixed case environment lookup (UPPER CASE PREVAILS)
    """
    if name.upper() in env:
        return env[ name.upper() ]
    if name.lower() in env:
        return env[ name.lower() ]
    if name in env:
        return env[ name ]
    return None


def valid_decimal( decarg ):
    """
    function      valid_decimal
    purpose       non-exception test if given value can be decimal.Decimal
    """
    try:
        result = Decimal( decarg )
    except InvalidOperation:
        result = None
    return result


def unmod(n,m):
    """
    function      unmod
    purpose       Return the remainder after subtracting the modulus
    note          If a list or tuple of numbers is given, return in kind
    arguments     1 (num) number
                  2 (num) modulus
    returns       (num) number - (number % modulus)
    example       unmod(456789,1000) -> 456000
                  unmod(256,15) -> 240
    usage         unmod(seconds,3600) -> start of this hour in seconds
                  unmod(seconds,86400) -> start of this day in seconds
                  unmod(minutes,1440) -> start of this day in minutes
    """
    if not isinstance( m, Number ):
        raise TypeError('Not a number passed to unmod() arg2: %s (modulus)' % repr(m))
    if isinstance( n, (tuple,list) ):
        ns = [unmod(x,m) for x in n]
        if type(n) in (tuple,):
            return tuple(ns)
        return ns
    if not isinstance( n, Number ):
        raise TypeError('Not a number passed to unmod() arg1: %s (value)' % repr(n))
    if m == 0:
        raise ValueError('Zero passed to unmod() arg2 (modulus)')
    if m < 0:
        raise ValueError('Negative value passed to unmod() arg2: %s (modulus)' % repr(m))
    return n - (n % m)


def find_unicode(u,notfound=-1):
    """
    function      find_unicode
    purpose       In a unicode string, find the position of the first character
                  that requires the unicode type and cannot be represented in
                  mere string type.
    returns       (int) position or the value specified by notfound=
    """
    l = len(u)
    for n in xrange(l):
        if ord(u[n]) > 127:
            return n
    return notfound


def scale( new1, new2, old1, old2, value ):
    """
    function      scale
    purpose       Change the scale of a given number
    arguments     1 (num) the beginning of the new scale
                  2 (num) the ending of the new scale
                  3 (num) the beginning of the old scale
                  4 (num) the ending of the old scale
                  5 (num or tuple/list/dict of nums) value(s) to be rescaled
    returns       (like arg 5) rescaled value(s) or None
    """
    delta = old2 - old1
    if isinstance( value, tuple):
        t = ()
        for v in value:
            t = t + ( ( (new2 - new1) * (v - old1) + (new1 * delta) ) / delta, )
        return t
    if isinstance( value, (list,tuple) ):
        l = []
        for v in value:
            l += [ ( (new2 - new1) * (v - old1) + (new1 * delta) ) / delta ]
        return l
    if isinstance( value, dict ):
        d = {}
        for k in value.keys():
            d[k] = ( (new2 - new1) * (value[k] - old1) + (new1 * delta) ) / delta
        return d
    if isinstance( value, Number ):
        return ( (new2 - new1) * (value - old1) + (new1 * delta) ) / delta
    return None


def plural( value, one='', not_one='s' ):
    """
    function      plural
    purpose       Syntactic sugar to yield 's' for plural cases else ''
                  and allow substituting other strings.
    usage         print( 'I see %d thing%s here'%(n,plural(n)) )
                  print( 'il y a %d chose%s ici'%(n,plural(n)) )
                  print( 'Det er %d element%s her'%(n,plural(n,'','er')) )
                  print( 'There %s %d thing%s here'%(plural(n,'is','are'),n,plural(n)) )
    """
    return one if value==1 else not_one


def yes_or_no(x,no=False,yes=True,unknown=None):
    """
    function      yes_or_no
    aliases       oui_ou_non, ja_oder_nein, ja_of_nee, ja_eller_nej, ja_eller_nei
    purpose       Determine if a given string means yes/true or no/false
    arguments     1: the string or value to check
                  no= alternate value to return for no
                  yes= alternate value to return for yes
                  unknown= alternate value to return for unknown
    returns       False or no= if string/value indicates no/false
                  True or yes= if string/value indicates yes/true
                  None or unknwon= if string/value cannot be determined
    note          Only a few European languages are represented here.
    """
    if x == None:
        return unknown
    if isinstance( x, Number ): # isnum also matches bool
        if x:
            return yes
        else:
            return no
    elif isinstance( x, str ):
        if x.lower() in __nf__:
            return no
        elif x.lower() in __yt__:
            return yes
    return unknown

oui_ou_non   = yes_or_no
ja_oder_nein = yes_or_no
ja_of_nee    = yes_or_no
ja_eller_nej = yes_or_no
ja_eller_nei = yes_or_no


def test_pyutils( args ):
    """
    function      test_pyutils
    purpose       perform tests of functions in this module with results output to stdout
    """

    alpha = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

    tprint( '\nTesting scale' )
    for c in (-40,0,10,15.20,25,100 ):
        f = scale( 32,212,0,100, c )
        c = scale( 0,100,32,212, f )
        tprint( str(f)+'F', '==', str(c)+'C')

    tprint( '\nTesting plural' )
    for n in (1,2,3):
        tprint( '' )
        tprint( 'Il y a %d chose%s ici'%(n,plural(n)) )
        tprint( 'Det er %d element%s her'%(n,plural(n,'','er')) )
        tprint( 'There %s %d thing%s here'%(plural(n,'is','are'),n,plural(n)) )

    tprint( '\nTesting oui_ou_non' )
    for f in ('oui','non','yes','no','True','False','None','unknown',True,False,None,-1,0,1,2):
        if oui_ou_non( f ):
            e = True
        else:
            e = False
        tprint( 'for', repr(f), 'the result is', repr(e) )

    tprint( '' )

    for x in range(0,12):
        print(x,repr(list(chunk(alpha,x))))
    for x in (18,36,99,0,-1,-2,-3):
        print(x,repr(list(chunk(alpha,x))))

    tprint( '' )

    return 0


def main( args ):
    """main"""
    return test_pyutils( args )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    result = main( argv )
    stdout.flush()
    try:
        exit( int( result ) )
    except ValueError:
        print( str( result ), file=stderr )
        exit( 1 )
    except TypeError:
        if result == None:
            exit( 0 )
        exit( 255 )
                                                        
# EOF