[split] question about list comprehension

[Larz60+]

if I enter say 10 in this case the string it will be .split () will be output to '1' and '0'

That's not how split works.
split requires a delimiter. If none is supplied space is assumed.
the results of a split are returned in a list

remember, the best way to learn is to try.
bring up the python interpreter so you can try for yourself (just type python3 at command line)
some examples:

example 1, no delimiter specified, so default space is used

>>> string1 = "This is a string"
>>> string1.split()
['This', 'is', 'a', 'string']

example 2 specifing a delimiter:

>>> string2 = "This string has a hyphenated-word in it"
>>> string2.split("-")
['This string has a hyphenated', 'word in it']
>>>

useful for separating items delimited with special characters:
example3:

>>> data = "10/18/2016|ALA|16|970|827|540|2337"
>>> dlist = data.split('|')
>>> dlist
['10/18/2016', 'ALA', '16', '970', '827', '540', '2337']
>>>