update values in list based on dictionary

[perfringo]

Another possibility is to be creative with indexing without need to convert dictionary.

'Get index of needed value in list of dictionary values and find key with same index in list of dictionary keys':

>>> d = {1: 'ham', 2: 'eggs', 3: 'bacon'}
>>> value = 'eggs'
>>> [*d.keys()][[*d.values()].index(value)]    # instead of *d.keys() one may use *d
2

This way it is possible to have non-hashable values but still find corresponding key:

>>> d = {1: ['ham'], 2: ['eggs'], 3: ['bacon']}                             
>>> value = ['bacon']                                                       
>>> [*d.keys()][[*d.values()].index(value)]                         
3

NB! If there are several equal values this will return first one encountered.

Follow-up edit: so one can utilize this something like following:

>>> dct = {'1': 'one', '2': 'two', '3': 'three'}
>>> lst = [
...       ['one', 'uno'],
...       ['two', 'dos'],
...       ['three', 'tres']
... ]
>>> for row in lst:
...     row[0] = [*dct][[*dct.values()].index(row[0])]
...
>>> lst
[['1', 'uno'], ['2', 'dos'], ['3', 'tres']]