Explain this code - for loop

[buran]

in your first snippet you need to indent the print 2 levels - to be indented one level compared to inner loop.

for i in range(1, 11):
    for j in range(n):
        print (i * j)

few observations:

• you may want to change the second for loop to start from 1 and include n. Currently it will start from 0 and will not include n
  
• you may want to change the print function to display also bot multiples not just the result.
  

in the second snippet the syntax with d% that you ask about is called string formatting. that is so called old-styled string formatting. there is newer str.format() method and from 3.6+ - also f-strings
Here is the docs for string format syntax
Here is comparison between old-style and str.format() method: https://pyformat.info/