break Statements and else Clause on Loops

[Larz60+]

for n in range(2, 10):

this is going to iterate over a range from 2 to 10
so n will be equal to 2, 3, ... up to 9 (1 less than final number because range is zero based)

    for x in range(2, n):

this does the same from 2 to n, and will fully execute for each iteration of the outer loop
but this time terminates on n - 1, and output goes to x

if n % x == 0:

this statement used the '%' modulo operator.
It says, if n mod x == 0 which is true if both x and n are equal
modulo division yields the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second

print n, 'equals', x, '*', n/x

so if n and x are the same, above gets printed

     else:
            print n, 'is a prime number'

and if not equal prints this