Anaconda-install on MX-Linux Version 19.xy - but somehow got stuck

[snippsat]

does this mean that i get the anaconda into the start-menu?

I guess not in most Distro's bye default.
There is an Anaconda Navigator that has menu.

$ source ~/anaconda3/bin/activate root
$ anaconda-navigator

If navigator need install.

Get familiar with what's installed,of course conda is important to know about.
Anaconda also comes with pip so in many cases can use conda or pip to install.
I would advise to use conda first,if not in there Repo use pip.

Look at this post here using conda to make Virtual environment with the whole R-stack.