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[SheeppOSU]

Maybe your just trying to interpret the documentation in the wrong way. You should use the documentation not rly to understand how the code example is working, but how the mechanics of various functions are working. @app.route('url/<variableName>') maps the function to the route url/any-string. I can go to url/hello, url/hi, url/hey, etc. It then passes that variable name to the function. If I make it @app.route('user/<username>') then if I were to go to "user/sheepposu" it would pass sheepposu to the function where the function as a parameter -> def account(username). The reason we're not doing username=None like the documentation example is because we don't have app.route('user') as one of the routes. Otherwise we'd need it to have a default value, because if they go to simple "user/" they enter no username and it will give an error I'm pretty sure. In render template it's almost the same concept. You pass and you receive. Pass an argument into render_template and receive the argument inside the HTML file. Then you can use it via the curly braces syntax. Hopefully you understand now. Maybe next time try to focus more on how each individual mechanic of the code works rather than how the whole code example works and trying to apply it to your own code. It's like taking a huge lego and trying to morph it into something else vs a bunch of small legos which can easily be taken apart and rebuilt into something else.