Two questions

[Larz60+]

1.
import string

keywords = string.ascii_lowercase

def rotate(s, n):
    return s[n:] + s[:n]

example:

Output:
>>> x = string.ascii_lowercase
>>> rotate(x, 3)
'defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabc'
>>>
>>> rotate(x, -3)
'xyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw'