How to make it shorter

[killerrex]

Well, fisrst notice that all your friseX functions are the same except for the file name... you can create just one:

def frise(img):
    main = Tk()
    main.geometry("1260x625+100+100")
    main.title('Frise du monde')
    canvas = Canvas(main,width = 1300,height = 650)
    canvas.place(relx=0,rely=0)
    im = Image.open(img)
    canvas.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
    canvas.create_image(0,0,image = canvas.image,anchor='nw')

And then store the name of the image that is associated to each index in a dictionary:

images = {1: '2Homo nonhabilis.jpeg', 2: '3Pas le feu.jpeg'} # And so on...

So your chain of if's is replaced by:

frise(images[texte3])