Posts: 2
Threads: 1
Joined: Nov 2021
Nov-01-2021, 03:22 PM
(This post was last modified: Nov-01-2021, 04:03 PM by Gribouillis.)
I built a TicTacToe game in Python, but I want to add exception handling in it And i also want to create a warning function which shows the position is filled try another position and it also shows if the player1 insert the position 1 and 9 then it'll show alert msg to player2 that if you'll not insert on 5 position then the player1 will won
from IPython.display import clear_output
def tictactoe():
print("Game is Starting")
play_again = True #While loop for play again
while play_again:
clear_output() #Function for clear output
board = ['p',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '] # make board and
storing all the
positions in a
list
player = 1
print("player",player,"Select your marker") #Asking player to select
marker
marker = input() #set player marker's
input in a variable
'marker'
player_1, player_2 = set_marker(marker) #set marker
while True: #while loop for taking a inputs from user
if player > 2:
player = 1
print("Player",player,": Enter your position") #Asking to
player enter the
position
pos = int(input()) #typecasting
if check_pos(pos, board):#check position has been filled or not
if this position has been filled then
continue
continue
if player == 1:
set_board(board,player_1,pos) #setting player1's marker
else:
set_board(board,player_2,pos)#setting player 2's marker
display(board) #display board
if player == 1:
if check_win(board, player_1): #will return boolean value
print("Player",player,"has won")
break
else:
if check_win(board, player_2):
print("Player",player,"has won")
break
if check_space(board): # check space on board if there is no
space then game will draw
print("Draw !!!")
break
player +=1
if replay(): # Play again
play_again = True
In [19]:
def set_marker(marker):
if marker=="X":
return("X","O")
else:
return("O","X")
def check_pos(pos, board):#check position
if board[pos] == " ":# board is a list so check the position is empty or not if it is empty then return false
return False
else:
return True
def set_board(board,marker,pos):#here marker is a player
board[pos] = marker
def display(board):#display board
clear_output()
print(f'{board[7]} | {board[8]} | {board[9]}')
print("----------------------------")
print(f'{board[4]} | {board[5]} | {board[6]}')
print("----------------------------")
print(f'{board[1]} | {board[2]} | {board[3]}')
print("----------------------------")
def check_win(board, marker):
return((board[1] == marker and board[2] == marker and board[3] == marker) or
(board[4] == marker and board[5] == marker and board[6] == marker) or
(board[7] == marker and board[8] == marker and board[9] == marker) or
(board[9] == marker and board[5] == marker and board[1] == marker) or
(board[7] == marker and board[5] == marker and board[3] == marker) or
(board[7] == marker and board[4] == marker and board[1] == marker) or
(board[8] == marker and board[5] == marker and board[2] == marker) or
(board[9] == marker and board[6] == marker and board[3] == marker))
def check_space(board):
if " "in board:
return False
else:
return True
def replay():
print("Do you want to play again Yes/No")
ans = input()
if ans == "Yes" or ans =="yes":
return True
else:
return False
In [15]:
tictactoe()
Posts: 2
Threads: 1
Joined: Nov 2021
Nov-02-2021, 11:00 AM
(This post was last modified: Nov-02-2021, 03:17 PM by Yoriz.
Edit Reason: Added code tags
)
I am having an error how resolve this
import pyodbc
import datetime
conn = pyodbc.connect('Driver={SQL Server};'
'Server=DESKTOP-MBJNNJR;'
'Database=master;'
'Trusted_Connection=yes;')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('SELECT Employee_Name, Hire_Date FROM Employee WHERE Hire_Date BETWEEN [{%s}] AND [{%s}]')
hire_start = datetime.date(1999, 1, 1)
hire_end = datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)
cursor.execute(query, (hire_start, hire_end))
for (Employee_Name, Hire_Date) in cursor:
print("{}, {} was hired on {:%d %m %Y}".format(Employee_Name, Hire_Date))
cursor.close()Error: ProgrammingError: ('42S22', "[42S22] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Invalid column name '{%s}'. (207) (SQLExecDirectW); [42S22] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Invalid column name '{%s}'. (207)")
Yoriz write Nov-02-2021, 03:17 PM:Please post all code, output and errors (in their entirety) between their respective tags. Refer to BBCode help topic on how to post. Use the "Preview Post" button to make sure the code is presented as you expect before hitting the "Post Reply/Thread" button.
Posts: 6,221
Threads: 16
Joined: Feb 2020
Nov-02-2021, 03:19 PM
(This post was last modified: Nov-02-2021, 08:47 PM by deanhystad.)
You should not ask two completely different questions in the same thread. This is in response to your SQLite3 question. Do you have a column named %s?
I think instead of this:
cursor.execute('SELECT Employee_Name, Hire_Date FROM Employee WHERE Hire_Date BETWEEN [{%s}] AND [{%s}]')
hire_start = datetime.date(1999, 1, 1)
hire_end = datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)
cursor.execute(query, (hire_start, hire_end))You want to do this:
query = 'SELECT Employee_Name, Hire_Date FROM Employee WHERE Hire_Date BETWEEN [{%s}] AND [{%s}]'
hire_start = datetime.date(1999, 1, 1)
hire_end = datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)
cursor.execute(query, (hire_start, hire_end))I don't think you should be using the square brackets either.
And this is in response to the tic-tac-toe question.
Validation is required whenever you ask for user input. A common form of validation is to ask for input until the user provides valid input.
while True:
try:
position = int(input(f"Player {player+1} Enter your position "))
except ValueError:
print("Positions are 1 through 9")
else:
if not 1 <= position <= 9:
print("Positions are 1 through 9")
elif board[position] in markers:
print('Position was already chosen.')
else:
breakFirst it checks if the input is a number, then it checks if the number is in range, and finally it checks if there is already a marker in that position.
How do your players know what the board positions are? I modified you program slightly to fill the board with numbers 1 through 9 so there is no guessing about where the marker is placed. I also separated the play again logic from the game logic and added auto-fill for the last empty position.
from IPython.display import clear_output
def display(b):
'''Display the board'''
clear_output()
print(f' {b[1]} | {b[2]} | {b[3]}')
print("---+---+---")
print(f' {b[4]} | {b[5]} | {b[6]}')
print("---+---+---")
print(f' {b[7]} | {b[8]} | {b[9]}\n')
def check_win(b):
'''Return True if the board contains a win, else False.'''
return (
(b[1] == b[2] == b[3]) or
(b[4] == b[5] == b[6]) or
(b[7] == b[8] == b[9]) or
(b[1] == b[4] == b[7]) or
(b[2] == b[5] == b[8]) or
(b[3] == b[6] == b[9]) or
(b[1] == b[5] == b[9]) or
(b[3] == b[5] == b[7]))
def tictactoe():
'''Play a game of tic-tac-toe'''
# Let first player select their marker
markers = 'XO'
if input("Player 1 select your marker ").upper() == 'O':
markers = 'OX'
# Create and display empty board
clear_output()
board = [str(i) for i in range(10)]
display(board)
# Take turns letting players place their markers on the board.
for i in range(8):
player = i % 2
# Get position for marker. Must be integer value in range 1..9 and
# selected position must be empty.
while True:
try:
position = int(input(f"Player {player+1} Enter your position "))
except ValueError:
print("Positions are 1 through 9")
else:
if not 1 <= position <= 9:
print("Positions are 1 through 9")
elif board[position] in markers:
print('Position was already chosen.')
else:
break
board[position] = markers[player]
display(board)
if check_win(board):
return player+1
# Only one empty position remains. Auto fill and check for a winner
for i, marker in enumerate(board):
if marker not in markers:
board[i] = markers[0]
display(board)
if check_win(board):
return 1
return 0
while True:
# Play tic-tac-toe. Report who wins.
winner = tictactoe()
if winner == 0:
print("Draw!!")
else:
print(f"Player {winner} wins!")
if input("Do you want to play again Y/N ").upper() != 'Y':
break
Posts: 1,344
Threads: 2
Joined: May 2019
For tic tac toe, your best place for adding exception handling is where you get the user input for each turn. Surround that by a try except block to catch the input error where a person inputs "foo" instead of a number 1-9.
For the first warning you are halfway there, in that the if check_pos check will return whether the position is occupied or not. However, you don't do anything with that information - it continues anyway. You instead should loop back to get another value from the player.
There are lots of ways to look at the last question in tic tac toe. One option, that I would probably pursue, is to assign a value of -1 for X and +1 for O, then add across rows, columns, or diagonals (similar to how you determine a game over). If the sum is -2 or 2 then give the warning.
I defer to deanhystad on the second question and agree - don't ask 2 unrelated questions on a single thread.
Posts: 6,221
Threads: 16
Joined: Feb 2020
I think the easiest way to identify blocks is to try filling each square with the opponents marker and check if this results in a win.
def analysis(board, X, O):
'''Search for wins and blocks. Player one is marker X and player 2 marker O'''
for pos in range(1, 10):
if not board[pos] in (X, O):
board[pos] = X
if winner(board):
print(f"Choose {pos} to win")
board[pos] = O
if winner():
print(f"Choose {pos} to block")
board[pos] = str(pos)
Posts: 6,221
Threads: 16
Joined: Feb 2020
Nov-03-2021, 05:02 PM
(This post was last modified: Nov-03-2021, 05:02 PM by deanhystad.)
Tic-tac-toe with hints, improved user input and auto-fill for the last open square.
# from IPython.display import clear_output
def clear_output():
print("\n\n\n")
def display(board):
'''Display the board'''
clear_output()
print(f" {board[1]} | {board[2]} | {board[3]}\n---+---+---")
print(f" {board[4]} | {board[5]} | {board[6]}\n---+---+---")
print(f" {board[7]} | {board[8]} | {board[9]}\n")
def winner(board):
'''Return True if the board contains a win, else False.'''
return (
(board[1] == board[2] == board[3]) or
(board[4] == board[5] == board[6]) or
(board[7] == board[8] == board[9]) or
(board[1] == board[4] == board[7]) or
(board[2] == board[5] == board[8]) or
(board[3] == board[6] == board[9]) or
(board[1] == board[5] == board[9]) or
(board[3] == board[5] == board[7]))
def analysis(board, markers):
'''Inform player of winning and blocking moves'''
for square in range(1, 10):
if board[square] not in markers:
# Check if filling an open square results in a win
board[square] = markers[0] # For the player
if winner(board):
print(f"Choose {square} to win")
board[square] = markers[1] # For the opponent
if winner(board):
print(f"Choose {square} to block")
board[square] = str(square)
def tictactoe():
'''Play a game of tic-tac-toe'''
# Let player 1 select a marker
clear_output()
markers = 'XOX' # Board markers, Player 1, Player 2, Player 1
if input("Player 1 select your marker ").upper() == 'O':
markers = 'OXO'
# Create and display empty board
board = [str(i) for i in range(10)]
open_squares = list(range(1, 10))
display(board)
# Players take turns placing markers on the board.
for i in range(8):
player = i % 2
marker = markers[player]
# Get square for players marker
analysis(board, markers[player:]) # Provide helpful hints
while True:
try:
square = int(input(f"{marker} select square "))
if square not in open_squares:
raise ValueError
except ValueError:
print(f"Available squares are {open_squares}")
else:
break
board[square] = marker
open_squares.remove(square)
display(board)
if winner(board):
return player+1 # Return number of winning player (1 or 2)
# One open square remains. Fill and check for a winner
board[open_squares[0]] = markers[0]
display(board)
if winner(board):
return 1
return 0 # Return game ends in draw
while True:
# Play tic-tac-toe. Report who wins.
result = tictactoe()
if result == 0:
print("Draw!!")
else:
print(f"Player {result} wins!")
if input("Do you want to play again Y/N ").upper() != 'Y':
break
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