TicTacToe Game Add Exception Handling and Warning Function

[ShaikhShaikh]

I built a TicTacToe game in Python, but I want to add exception handling in it And i also want to create a warning function which shows the position is filled try another position and it also shows if the player1 insert the position 1 and 9 then it'll show alert msg to player2 that if you'll not insert on 5 position then the player1 will won

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from IPython.display import clear_output     def tictactoe():         print("Game is Starting")         play_again = True                    #While loop for play again         while play_again:             clear_output()                   #Function for clear output                           board = ['p',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '] # make board and                                       storing all the                                       positions in a                                       list                                           player = 1                                    print("player",player,"Select your marker") #Asking player to select                                 marker             marker = input()                            #set player marker's                                    input in a variable                                    'marker'                                 player_1, player_2 = set_marker(marker)     #set marker             while True:    #while loop for taking a inputs from user                 if player > 2:                     player = 1                                   print("Player",player,": Enter your position")   #Asking to                                     player enter the                                     position                           pos = int(input())      #typecasting                 if check_pos(pos, board):#check position has been filled or not                         if this position has been filled then                         continue                               continue                 if player == 1:                     set_board(board,player_1,pos)  #setting player1's marker                 else:                     set_board(board,player_2,pos)#setting player 2's marker                                           display(board)    #display board                 if player == 1:                     if check_win(board, player_1): #will return boolean value                         print("Player",player,"has won")                         break                 else:                     if check_win(board, player_2):                         print("Player",player,"has won")                         break                                               if check_space(board): # check space on board if there is no                           space then game will draw                                                print("Draw !!!")                     break                 player +=1                                                                  if replay(): # Play again                 play_again = True                                             In [19]:     def set_marker(marker):         if marker=="X":             return("X","O")         else:             return("O","X")                   def check_pos(pos, board):#check position         if board[pos] == " ":# board is a list so check the position is empty or not if it is empty then return false             return False         else:             return True                             def set_board(board,marker,pos):#here marker is a player         board[pos] = marker                   def display(board):#display board         clear_output()         print(f'{board[7]} | {board[8]} | {board[9]}')         print("----------------------------")         print(f'{board[4]} | {board[5]} | {board[6]}')         print("----------------------------")         print(f'{board[1]} | {board[2]} | {board[3]}')         print("----------------------------")                                  def check_win(board, marker):         return((board[1] == marker and board[2] == marker and board[3] == marker) or                (board[4] == marker and board[5] == marker and board[6] == marker) or                (board[7] == marker and board[8] == marker and board[9] == marker) or                (board[9] == marker and board[5] == marker and board[1] == marker) or                (board[7] == marker and board[5] == marker and board[3] == marker) or                (board[7] == marker and board[4] == marker and board[1] == marker) or                (board[8] == marker and board[5] == marker and board[2] == marker) or                (board[9] == marker and board[6] == marker and board[3] == marker))                         def check_space(board):         if " "in board:             return False         else:             return True                                               def replay():            print("Do you want to play again Yes/No")         ans = input()         if ans == "Yes" or ans =="yes":             return True         else:             return False     In [15]:     tictactoe()

Gribouillis write Nov-01-2021, 04:03 PM:
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[ShaikhShaikh]

I am having an error how resolve this

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import pyodbc import datetime conn = pyodbc.connect('Driver={SQL Server};'                       'Server=DESKTOP-MBJNNJR;'                       'Database=master;'                       'Trusted_Connection=yes;') cursor = conn.cursor()   cursor.execute('SELECT Employee_Name, Hire_Date FROM Employee WHERE Hire_Date BETWEEN [{%s}] AND [{%s}]') hire_start = datetime.date(1999, 1, 1) hire_end = datetime.date(1999, 12, 31) cursor.execute(query, (hire_start, hire_end)) for (Employee_Name, Hire_Date) in cursor:       print("{}, {} was hired on {:%d %m %Y}".format(Employee_Name, Hire_Date)) cursor.close()

Error:
ProgrammingError: ('42S22', "[42S22] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Invalid column name '{%s}'. (207) (SQLExecDirectW); [42S22] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Invalid column name '{%s}'. (207)")

Yoriz write Nov-02-2021, 03:17 PM:
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[deanhystad]

You should not ask two completely different questions in the same thread. This is in response to your SQLite3 question. Do you have a column named %s?

I think instead of this:

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cursor.execute('SELECT Employee_Name, Hire_Date FROM Employee WHERE Hire_Date BETWEEN [{%s}] AND [{%s}]') hire_start = datetime.date(1999, 1, 1) hire_end = datetime.date(1999, 12, 31) cursor.execute(query, (hire_start, hire_end))

You want to do this:

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query = 'SELECT Employee_Name, Hire_Date FROM Employee WHERE Hire_Date BETWEEN [{%s}] AND [{%s}]' hire_start = datetime.date(1999, 1, 1) hire_end = datetime.date(1999, 12, 31) cursor.execute(query, (hire_start, hire_end))

I don't think you should be using the square brackets either.

---

And this is in response to the tic-tac-toe question.

Validation is required whenever you ask for user input. A common form of validation is to ask for input until the user provides valid input.

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while True:     try:         position = int(input(f"Player {player+1} Enter your position "))     except ValueError:         print("Positions are 1 through 9")     else:         if not 1 <= position <= 9:             print("Positions are 1 through 9")         elif board[position] in markers:             print('Position was already chosen.')         else:             break

First it checks if the input is a number, then it checks if the number is in range, and finally it checks if there is already a marker in that position.

How do your players know what the board positions are? I modified you program slightly to fill the board with numbers 1 through 9 so there is no guessing about where the marker is placed. I also separated the play again logic from the game logic and added auto-fill for the last empty position.

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from IPython.display import clear_output   def display(b):     '''Display the board'''     clear_output()     print(f' {b[1]} | {b[2]} | {b[3]}')     print("---+---+---")     print(f' {b[4]} | {b[5]} | {b[6]}')     print("---+---+---")     print(f' {b[7]} | {b[8]} | {b[9]}\n')   def check_win(b):     '''Return True if the board contains a win, else False.'''     return (         (b[1] == b[2] == b[3]) or         (b[4] == b[5] == b[6]) or         (b[7] == b[8] == b[9]) or         (b[1] == b[4] == b[7]) or         (b[2] == b[5] == b[8]) or         (b[3] == b[6] == b[9]) or         (b[1] == b[5] == b[9]) or         (b[3] == b[5] == b[7]))   def tictactoe():     '''Play a game of tic-tac-toe'''     # Let first player select their marker     markers = 'XO'     if input("Player 1 select your marker ").upper() == 'O':         markers = 'OX'       # Create and display empty board     clear_output()     board = [str(i) for i in range(10)]     display(board)       # Take turns letting players place their markers on the board.     for i in range(8):         player = i % 2         # Get position for marker.  Must be integer value in range 1..9 and         # selected position must be empty.         while True:             try:                 position = int(input(f"Player {player+1} Enter your position "))             except ValueError:                 print("Positions are 1 through 9")             else:                 if not 1 <= position <= 9:                     print("Positions are 1 through 9")                 elif board[position] in markers:                     print('Position was already chosen.')                 else:                     break         board[position] = markers[player]         display(board)         if check_win(board):             return player+1       # Only one empty position remains.  Auto fill and check for a winner     for i, marker in enumerate(board):         if marker not in markers:             board[i] = markers[0]     display(board)     if check_win(board):         return 1     return 0   while True:     # Play tic-tac-toe.  Report who wins.     winner = tictactoe()     if winner == 0:         print("Draw!!")     else:         print(f"Player {winner} wins!")     if input("Do you want to play again Y/N ").upper() != 'Y':         break

[jefsummers]

For tic tac toe, your best place for adding exception handling is where you get the user input for each turn. Surround that by a try except block to catch the input error where a person inputs "foo" instead of a number 1-9.

For the first warning you are halfway there, in that the if check_pos check will return whether the position is occupied or not. However, you don't do anything with that information - it continues anyway. You instead should loop back to get another value from the player.

There are lots of ways to look at the last question in tic tac toe. One option, that I would probably pursue, is to assign a value of -1 for X and +1 for O, then add across rows, columns, or diagonals (similar to how you determine a game over). If the sum is -2 or 2 then give the warning.

I defer to deanhystad on the second question and agree - don't ask 2 unrelated questions on a single thread.

[deanhystad]

I think the easiest way to identify blocks is to try filling each square with the opponents marker and check if this results in a win.

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def analysis(board, X, O):     '''Search for wins and blocks.  Player one is marker X and player 2 marker O'''     for pos in range(1, 10):         if not board[pos] in (X, O):             board[pos] = X             if winner(board):                 print(f"Choose {pos} to  win")             board[pos] = O             if winner():                 print(f"Choose {pos} to block")             board[pos] = str(pos)

[deanhystad]

Tic-tac-toe with hints, improved user input and auto-fill for the last open square.

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# from IPython.display import clear_output   def clear_output():     print("\n\n\n")   def display(board):     '''Display the board'''     clear_output()     print(f" {board[1]} | {board[2]} | {board[3]}\n---+---+---")     print(f" {board[4]} | {board[5]} | {board[6]}\n---+---+---")     print(f" {board[7]} | {board[8]} | {board[9]}\n")   def winner(board):     '''Return True if the board contains a win, else False.'''     return (         (board[1] == board[2] == board[3]) or         (board[4] == board[5] == board[6]) or         (board[7] == board[8] == board[9]) or         (board[1] == board[4] == board[7]) or         (board[2] == board[5] == board[8]) or         (board[3] == board[6] == board[9]) or         (board[1] == board[5] == board[9]) or         (board[3] == board[5] == board[7]))   def analysis(board, markers):     '''Inform player of winning and blocking moves'''     for square in range(1, 10):         if board[square] not in markers:             # Check if filling an open square results in a win             board[square] = markers[0] # For the player             if winner(board):                 print(f"Choose {square} to win")             board[square] = markers[1] # For the opponent             if winner(board):                 print(f"Choose {square} to block")             board[square] = str(square)   def tictactoe():     '''Play a game of tic-tac-toe'''     # Let player 1 select a marker     clear_output()     markers = 'XOX'  # Board markers, Player 1, Player 2, Player 1     if input("Player 1 select your marker ").upper() == 'O':         markers = 'OXO'       # Create and display empty board     board = [str(i) for i in range(10)]     open_squares = list(range(1, 10))     display(board)       # Players take turns placing markers on the board.     for i in range(8):         player = i % 2         marker = markers[player]         # Get square for players marker         analysis(board, markers[player:])  # Provide helpful hints         while True:             try:                 square = int(input(f"{marker} select square "))                 if square not in open_squares:                     raise ValueError             except ValueError:                 print(f"Available squares are {open_squares}")             else:                 break         board[square] = marker         open_squares.remove(square)         display(board)         if winner(board):             return player+1 # Return number of winning player (1 or 2)       # One open square remains.  Fill and check for a winner     board[open_squares[0]] = markers[0]     display(board)     if winner(board):         return 1     return 0 # Return game ends in draw   while True:     # Play tic-tac-toe.  Report who wins.     result = tictactoe()     if result == 0:         print("Draw!!")     else:         print(f"Player {result} wins!")     if input("Do you want to play again Y/N ").upper() != 'Y':         break