problem with nosetests in run

[akbarza]

hi
we have below codes:

# finctions.py
def add(a,b):
    return a+b
def subtract(a,b):
    return a-b
def multiply(a,b):
    return a*b
def division(a,b):
    if b==0:
        raise ZeroDivisionError(" can't division by zero...")
    return a/b

and

#test_func.py

'''
from:https://www.mongard.ir/courses/unittest/episode/520/unittest-module/
usage of unittest for tesing
'''

import unittest
import functions


class Functionstest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_add(self):
        self.assertEqual(functions.add(5,4),9)
        
    def test_subtract(self):
        self.assertEqual(functions.subtract(3,5),-2)
        
    def test_multiply(self):
        self.assertEqual(functions.multiply(3,-6),-18)
        self.assertEqual(functions.multiply(0,-6),0)
        
    def test_division(self):
        self.assertEqual(functions.division(30,6),5)
        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError,functions.division,-7.5,0)
        
if __name__=='__main__':
    unittest.main()

I wrote in cmd ( or Thonny system shell):

nosetests 

or

nosetests test_func.py

, but i encountered error.
for example in cmd, i have:

Error:
D:\akb_python\akb_py_projects\python_test\nose>nosetests
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Scripts\nosetests.exe\__main__.py", line 7, in <module>
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\core.py", line 118, in __init__
    unittest.TestProgram.__init__(
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\unittest\main.py", line 101, in __init__
    self.parseArgs(argv)
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\core.py", line 179, in parseArgs
    self.createTests()
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\core.py", line 193, in createTests
    self.test = self.testLoader.loadTestsFromNames(self.testNames)
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\loader.py", line 481, in loadTestsFromNames
    return unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromNames(self, names, module)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\unittest\loader.py", line 220, in loadTestsFromNames
    suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\unittest\loader.py", line 220, in <listcomp>
    suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\loader.py", line 454, in loadTestsFromName
    return LazySuite(
           ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\suite.py", line 53, in __init__
    super(LazySuite, self).__init__()
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\unittest\suite.py", line 22, in __init__
    self._tests = []
    ^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\suite.py", line 106, in _set_tests
    if isinstance(tests, collections.Callable) and not is_suite:
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'Callable'

D:\akb_python\akb_py_projects\python_test\nose>nosetests test_func.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Scripts\nosetests.exe\__main__.py", line 7, in <module>
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\core.py", line 118, in __init__
    unittest.TestProgram.__init__(
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\unittest\main.py", line 101, in __init__
    self.parseArgs(argv)
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\core.py", line 179, in parseArgs
    self.createTests()
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\core.py", line 193, in createTests
    self.test = self.testLoader.loadTestsFromNames(self.testNames)
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\loader.py", line 481, in loadTestsFromNames
    return unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromNames(self, names, module)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\unittest\loader.py", line 220, in loadTestsFromNames
    suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\unittest\loader.py", line 220, in <listcomp>
    suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\loader.py", line 431, in loadTestsFromName
    return self.loadTestsFromModule(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\loader.py", line 359, in loadTestsFromModule
    return self.suiteClass(ContextList(tests, context=module))
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\suite.py", line 428, in __call__
    return self.makeSuite(tests, context, **kw)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\suite.py", line 475, in makeSuite
    suite = self.suiteClass(
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\suite.py", line 159, in __init__
    super(ContextSuite, self).__init__(tests)
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\suite.py", line 53, in __init__
    super(LazySuite, self).__init__()
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\unittest\suite.py", line 22, in __init__
    self._tests = []
    ^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python_3_11_5\Lib\site-packages\nose\suite.py", line 106, in _set_tests
    if isinstance(tests, collections.Callable) and not is_suite:
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'Callable'

D:\akb_python\akb_py_projects\python_test\nose>

before, I had installed nose module with the command pip install nose.
what is the problem?
thanks for any guidance

[Gribouillis]

collections.Callable has now become collections.abc.Callable

On the nose site, I read this

Nose has been in maintenance mode for the past several years and will likely cease without a new person/team to take over maintainership. New projects should consider using Nose2, py.test, or just plain unittest/unittest2.

This is probably the cause of your problems.

[snippsat]

The nose project has not been actively maintained for several years,
and its last official release might/will not be fully compatible with newer versions as Python 3.11.5 as you use.

Better to use pytest.
Example pytest.

# functions.py
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

def subtract(a, b):
    return a - b

def multiply(a, b):
    return a * b

def division(a, b):
    if b == 0:
        raise ZeroDivisionError("can't division by zero...")
    return a / b

# test_func.py
import pytest
import functions

def test_add():
    assert functions.add(5, 4) == 9

def test_subtract():
    assert functions.subtract(3, 5) == -2

def test_multiply():
    assert functions.multiply(3, -6) == -18
    assert functions.multiply(0, -6) == 0

def test_division():
    assert functions.division(30, 6) == 5
    # Using pytest.raises to check for exceptions
    with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
        functions.division(-7.5, 0)

Output:
G:\div_code\pytest_stuff\test_numbers
λ ls
functions.py  test_func.py

G:\div_code\pytest_stuff\test_numbers
λ pytest -v
====================================================== test session starts ======================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.12.0, pytest-8.0.0, pluggy-1.4.0 -- C:\Python312\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: G:\div_code\pytest_stuff\test_number
collected 4 items

test_func.py::test_add PASSED         [ 25%] 
test_func.py::test_subtract PASSED    [ 50%]
test_func.py::test_multiply PASSED    [ 75%] 
test_func.py::test_division PASSED    [ 100%] 

======================================================= 4 passed in 0.26s =======================================================