How to use a proxy when web scraping with Python?

[swiftproxy]

The main methods of using proxies for Python web scraping include the following: ‌

Using the urllib module ‌
Processing proxy information through the ProxyHandler class, ‌constructing a custom opener object to initiate a request‌.

Configuring a proxy in Python's urllib module is mainly achieved by creating a proxy handler (ProxyHandler). The specific steps are as follows:

1.Import the urllib.request module.
2.Create a ProxyHandler object and pass in the proxy IP address and port, the format is usually 'http://IP:port'.
3.Use the build_opener method to create a custom opener object and pass in the ProxyHandler as a parameter.
4.Use the install_opener method to set the custom opener as the global opener.
5.When you use the urlopen method to send a request later, it will be accessed through the set proxy.
For example:

import urllib.request
proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://119.28.12.192:19229'})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://example.org/ip')

Using the requests module ‌
Set the proxies parameter to the proxy, ‌and then initiate a request‌. ‌

Configuring the proxy in Python's requests module is mainly achieved by setting the proxies parameter. The specific steps are as follows:

1.Import the requests library

First, make sure that the requests library has been installed, and then import it in the Python script.

2.Define the proxy

Get the IP address and port number of the proxy server, which can be obtained from free or paid proxy service providers.

3.Set the proxy

Use the proxies parameter provided by the requests library to set the proxy. Pass the proxy address and port to the proxies parameter in the form of a dictionary, with the key being the protocol ('http' or 'https') and the value being the proxy IP address and port.

4.Initiate a request

Use methods such as get or post of the requests library to initiate a request, and pass the proxies parameter to these methods to access through the set proxy.

Using the selenium module ‌
Set the proxy information in the webdriver, ‌simulating browser operations‌. ‌

When using the selenium module to configure a proxy, the main steps are as follows:

C1.reate a proxy server object: Define a dictionary containing the address and port number of the proxy server, such as 'http': 'http://IP address:port number', 'https': 'https://IP address:port number'

2.Set the browser proxy: Create a Chrome browser options object through webdriver.ChromeOptions(), and use the add_argument() method to set the proxy server address to the browser options.

3.Create a browser object: Use webdriver.Chrome() to create a Chrome browser object and pass in the previously set browser options object.

Through the above steps, you can configure the proxy when using selenium.

Using the Scrapy framework ‌
Configure the proxy setting function in the settings.py file‌. ‌The Scrapy framework configures the proxy mainly through the settings file settings.py. ‌Specific configuration steps are as follows:

1. Enable the proxy ‌set PROXY_ENABLED = True in the settings.py file to enable the proxy function. ‌

2. Set the proxy IP and port ‌Configure the IP address and port number of the proxy server through PROXY = 'http://your_proxy_ip:port'. ‌

3. Use the proxy list to rotate the proxy ‌In order to improve the stability and anonymity of the crawler, ‌you can use the proxy list to rotate the proxy. ‌This can be achieved by writing custom middleware. When processing a request in the middleware, it takes a proxy from the proxy list and uses it, and then puts the IP back to the end of the list to achieve rotation. ‌

Through the above steps, you can configure and use proxies in the Scrapy framework for data collection.