index error when using lists to blit rotated images

[codefun45]

Hello, I am getting an index error when trying to use lists of rotated images. originally, to rotate images of 2 spaceships (think asteroids), I used a function to rotozoom each image for every degree change. It worked, but not surprisingly, it was lagging. I read that "cached images" might be a better choice, so I have preloaded two lists with 72 images each (5 degree increments through 360 degrees). However, after making one full rotation either cw or ccw, I get: in ship_draw
win.blit(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index], (self.x_move - int(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_width() / 2), self.y_move - int(
IndexError: list index out of range

Even though I am ensuring the index value returns to 0, it won't display the image. Any help would be appreciated as to why this is happening and how to fix it. Thanks!

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class spaceship(object):     def __init__(self, x_move, y_move, width, height, rot, image):         self.x_move = x_move         self.y_move = y_move         self.width = width         self.height = height         self.rot_angle = rot         self.vel = 0         self.hspeed = 0         self.vspeed = 0         self.thrust = False         self.rotated = False         self.fired_shots_delay = 10         self.image = image         self.image_list = []         self.rot_angle_index = 0         self.shield = 100         self.visable = True         self.score = 0           self.image_list.append(self.image)         for i in range(1, 71):             holder = pygame.transform.rotozoom(self.image, i * 5, 1)             self.image_list.append(holder)         def ship_draw(self, win, list, angle):                   if self.rot_angle <= -360 or self.rot_angle >= 360:             self.rot_angle = self.rot_angle - (360 * (ship_one.rot_angle // 360))           self.rot_angle_index = self.rot_angle // 5           if self.visable:               win.blit(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index], (self.x_move - int(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_width() / 2),                  self.y_move - int(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_height() / 2)))         else:             self.reset()             win.blit(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index],                      (self.x_move - int(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_width() / 2), self.y_move - int(                          self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_height() / 2)))           #  screen wrap         if self.x_move > game_screen_x:             self.x_move = 0         elif self.x_move < 0:             self.x_move = game_screen_x         elif self.y_move > game_screen_y:             self.y_move = 40         elif self.y_move < 40:             self.y_move = game_screen_y     # These are called right before main game loop   ship_one = spaceship(left_rnd_location_x, left_rnd_location_y, 32, 32, 0, ship_one_image) ship_two = spaceship(right_rnd_location_x, right_rnd_location_y, 32, 32, 0, ship_two_image)   # Called at end of game loop before pygame.display.flip   ship_one.ship_draw(win, ship_one.image_list, ship_one.rot_angle) ship_two.ship_draw(win, ship_two.image_list, ship_two.rot_angle)

[DPaul]

We can't see in the error message which line is giving the problem.
So my guess is that Line 22 counts 70 ticks:
and at first sight this is 2 shy from the 72 images you are talking about.
Paul

[buran]

and at first sight this is 2 shy from the 72 images you are talking about.

actually they have one image already in the list, so total of 71 images, still not 72 as OP expects

As to design - it may be better to use dict with angle as key, instead of converting the angle to index in list
For debug - I would print both angle and index just before the problem line

[codefun45]

Thanks to you both for your replies. I was playing around with the suggestions and realized my mistake...I forgot to change ship_one.rot_angle to self.rot_angle. It works now. If possible, buran, would you elaborate on the using dict with angle as key, instead of my conversion to an index? I am new to python and coding...

[buran]

I forgot to change ship_one.rot_angle to self.rot_angle. It works now.

can you post your current code for the class, because there are number of issues in your Spaceship.ship_draw() method:

• it takes arguments, that are in fact available as properties of the class and should be used instead - list, angle. This and other similar mistakes make me think you don't understand the concept of class.
  
• using self.reset() on line#39 - there is no Spaceship.reset() method
  
• not sure where get_height() and get_width() methods you apply on the image come from (we don't know what object is ship_one_image, so they may be available for whatever object it is)
  

There are also other problems with your class, but let's start with these

[codefun45]

Here is what I have so far.

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import pygame import math import random   pygame.init() pygame.font.init()   clock = pygame.time.Clock()   infoObject = pygame.display.Info()   game_screen_x = infoObject.current_w - 50 game_screen_y = infoObject.current_h - 100   win = pygame.display.set_mode((game_screen_x, game_screen_y))   screen_center_x = int(game_screen_x / 2) screen_center_y = int(game_screen_y / 2)   left_rand_location_x = 0 left_rand_location_y = 0 right_rand_location_x = 0 right_rand_location_y = 0   pygame.display.set_caption("SpaceDemoDerby")   # define colors black = (0, 0, 0) red = (255, 0, 0) green = (0, 255, 0) blue = (0, 0, 255) lightblue = (173, 216, 230) grey = (87, 87, 87) offwhite = (230, 230, 230)   # load images back_ground = pygame.image.load('bg.png').convert() pygame.transform.scale(back_ground, (game_screen_x, game_screen_y))   load_image_one = pygame.image.load('blueship.png').convert_alpha() load_image_two = pygame.image.load('redship.png').convert_alpha() load_image_one.set_colorkey(black) load_image_two.set_colorkey(black) ship_one_image = pygame.transform.scale(load_image_one, (32, 32)) ship_two_image = pygame.transform.scale(load_image_two, (32, 32))   explosion_anim = {} explosion_anim['boom'] = [] for i in range(6):     filename = 'exp{}.png'.format(i)     img = pygame.image.load(filename).convert()     img.set_colorkey(black)     explosion_anim['boom'].append(img)   # load music and sound effects music = pygame.mixer.music.load('unbreakable havoc redone.wav') pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)   shoot_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('Laser.wav') explode_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('Explosion.wav') shield_sounds = [] for i in range(5):     filename = 'Metal_sounds_{}.wav'.format(i)     snd = pygame.mixer.Sound(filename)     shield_sounds.append(snd) crash_sounds = [] for i in range(4):     filename = 'crash{}.wav'.format(i)     snd = pygame.mixer.Sound(filename)     crash_sounds.append(snd)   #  starter variables bullet_speed = 15 fd_fric = 0.5 bd_fric = 0.1 player_max_speed = 10 rotation_max_speed = 5   all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()   left_rnd_location_x = random.randint(25, (screen_center_x - 50)) left_rnd_location_y = random.randint(25, (screen_center_y - 50)) right_rnd_location_x = random.randint((screen_center_x + 50), (game_screen_x - 25)) right_rnd_location_y = random.randint((screen_center_y - 50), (game_screen_y - 25))   #  fonts font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 20, True) font2 = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 16) font3 = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 28, True, True)   class explosion(pygame.sprite.Sprite):     def __init__(self, center, name):         pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)         self.name = name         self.image = explosion_anim[self.name][0]         self.rect = self.image.get_rect()         self.rect.center = center         self.frame = 0         self.last_update = pygame.time.get_ticks()         self.frame_rate = 60       def update(self):         now = pygame.time.get_ticks()         if now - self.last_update > self.frame_rate:             self.last_update = now             self.frame += 1             if self.frame == len(explosion_anim[self.name]):                 self.kill()             else:                 center = self.rect.center                 self.image = explosion_anim[self.name][self.frame]                 self.rect = self.image.get_rect()                 self.rect.center = center     class bullet(object):     def __init__(self, x, y, dir, color):         self.x = x         self.y = y         self.dir = dir         self.color = color         self.life = 60       def updatebullet(self):         self.x += bullet_speed * math.cos((self.dir + 90) * math.pi / 180)         self.y += bullet_speed * -math.sin((self.dir + 90) * math.pi / 180)           pygame.draw.circle(win, self.color, (int(self.x), int(self.y)), 3)           self.life -= 1     class spaceship(object):     def __init__(self, x_move, y_move, width, height, rot, image):         self.x_move = x_move         self.y_move = y_move         self.width = width         self.height = height         self.rot_angle = rot         self.vel = 0         self.hspeed = 0         self.vspeed = 0         self.thrust = False         self.rotated = False         self.fired_shots_delay = 10         self.image = image         self.image_list = []         self.rot_angle_index = 0         self.shield = 100         self.visable = True         self.score = 0           for i in range(72):             holder = pygame.transform.rotozoom(self.image, i * 5, 1)             self.image_list.append(holder)       def propulsion(self):  # from asteroids         speed = math.sqrt(self.hspeed ** 2 + self.vspeed ** 2)         if self.thrust:             if speed + fd_fric < player_max_speed:                 self.hspeed += fd_fric * math.cos((self.rot_angle + 90) * math.pi / 180)                 self.vspeed += fd_fric * -math.sin((self.rot_angle + 90) * math.pi / 180)             else:                 self.hspeed = player_max_speed * math.cos((self.rot_angle + 90) * math.pi / 180)                 self.vspeed = player_max_speed * -math.sin((self.rot_angle + 90) * math.pi / 180)         else:             if speed - bd_fric > 0:                 change_in_hspeed = (bd_fric * math.cos(self.vspeed / self.hspeed))                 change_in_vspeed = (bd_fric * math.sin(self.vspeed / self.hspeed))                 if self.hspeed != 0:                     if change_in_hspeed / abs(change_in_hspeed) == self.hspeed / abs(self.hspeed):                         self.hspeed -= change_in_hspeed                     else:                         self.hspeed += change_in_hspeed                 if self.vspeed != 0:                     if change_in_vspeed / abs(change_in_vspeed) == self.vspeed / abs(self.vspeed):                         self.vspeed -= change_in_vspeed                     else:                         self.vspeed += change_in_vspeed             else:                 self.hspeed = 0                 self.vspeed = 0         self.x_move += self.hspeed         self.y_move += self.vspeed       def ship_draw(self, win, list, angle):           if self.rot_angle <= -360 or self.rot_angle >= 360:             self.rot_angle = self.rot_angle - (360 * (self.rot_angle // 360))           self.rot_angle_index = self.rot_angle // 5           if self.visable:               win.blit(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index], (self.x_move - int(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_width() / 2), self.y_move - int(                     self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_height() / 2)))             print (self.rot_angle, self.rot_angle_index)         else:               self.reset()             win.blit(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index],                      (self.x_move - int(self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_width() / 2), self.y_move - int(                          self.image_list[self.rot_angle_index].get_height() / 2)))               #  screen wrap         if self.x_move > game_screen_x:             self.x_move = 0         elif self.x_move < 0:             self.x_move = game_screen_x         elif self.y_move > game_screen_y:             self.y_move = 40         elif self.y_move < 40:             self.y_move = game_screen_y         def hitship(self):         if self.shield > 0:             self.shield -= 10             if self.shield < 0:                 self.shield = 0         random.choice(shield_sounds).play()       def reset(self):         if not ship_one.visable:             self.x_move = random.randint(25, (screen_center_x - 50))             self.y_move = random.randint(50, (game_screen_y - 25))           if not ship_two.visable:             self.x_move = random.randint((screen_center_x + 50), (game_screen_x - 25))             self.y_move = random.randint(50, (game_screen_y - 25))           self.rot_angle = 0         self.hspeed = 0         self.vspeed = 0         self.thrust = False         self.rotated = False         self.visable = True           ship_one.shield = 100         ship_two.shield = 100     def shipscollide(rect_one, rect_two):     c_tolerance = 10     ship_one.thrust = False     ship_two.thrust = False     if abs(rect_two.top - rect_one.bottom) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed > 0 or ship_two.hspeed < 0:             ship_one.vspeed *= -1             ship_two.vspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.bottom - rect_one.top) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed < 0 or ship_two.hspeed > 0:             ship_one.vspeed *= -1             ship_two.vspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.right - rect_one.left) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed < 0 or ship_two.hspeed > 0:             ship_one.hspeed *= -1             ship_two.hspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.left - rect_one.right) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed > 0 or ship_two.hspeed < 0:             ship_one.hspeed *= -1             ship_two.hspeed *= -1       if abs(rect_two.top - rect_one.left) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed > 0 or ship_two.hspeed < 0:             ship_one.vspeed *= -1             ship_two.vspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.bottom - rect_one.right) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed < 0 or ship_two.hspeed > 0:             ship_one.vspeed *= -1             ship_two.vspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.right - rect_one.top) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed < 0 or ship_two.hspeed > 0:             ship_one.hspeed *= -1             ship_two.hspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.left - rect_one.bottom) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed > 0 or ship_two.hspeed < 0:             ship_one.hspeed *= -1             ship_two.hspeed *= -1       if abs(rect_two.top - rect_one.top) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed > 0 or ship_two.hspeed < 0:             ship_one.vspeed *= -1             ship_two.vspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.bottom - rect_one.bottom) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed < 0 or ship_two.hspeed > 0:             ship_one.vspeed *= -1             ship_two.vspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.right - rect_one.right) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed < 0 or ship_two.hspeed > 0:             ship_one.hspeed *= -1             ship_two.hspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.left - rect_one.left) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed > 0 or ship_two.hspeed < 0:             ship_one.hspeed *= -1             ship_two.hspeed *= -1       if abs(rect_two.bottom - rect_one.left) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed > 0 or ship_two.hspeed < 0:             ship_one.vspeed *= -1             ship_two.vspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.top - rect_one.right) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed < 0 or ship_two.hspeed > 0:             ship_one.vspeed *= -1             ship_two.vspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.right - rect_one.bottom) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed < 0 or ship_two.hspeed > 0:             ship_one.hspeed *= -1             ship_two.hspeed *= -1     if abs(rect_two.left - rect_one.top) < c_tolerance:         if ship_one.hspeed > 0 or ship_two.hspeed < 0:             ship_one.hspeed *= -1             ship_two.hspeed *= -1       impact_damage = [2, 5, 10]       if ship_one.shield > 0:         ship_one.shield -= random.choice(impact_damage)         if ship_one.shield < 0:             ship_one.shield = 0     if ship_two.shield > 0:         ship_two.shield -= random.choice(impact_damage)         if ship_two.shield < 0:             ship_two.shield = 0       random.choice(crash_sounds).play()     def collision(bx, by, sx, sy, size):     if bx > sx - size and bx < sx + size and by > sy - size and by < sy + size:         return True     return False     def status_bar():     # background bar     pygame.draw.rect(win, grey, (0, 0, game_screen_x, 45))       #Title     title_text = font3.render('SPACE DEMO DERBY', True, black)     win.blit(title_text, (800, 10))       # score     score1_text = font1.render('Red Ships Destroyed: ' + str(ship_one.score), True, offwhite)     score2_text = font1.render('Blue Ships Destroyed: ' + str(ship_two.score), True, offwhite)     win.blit(score1_text, (410, 10))     win.blit(score2_text, (game_screen_x - 648, 10))       # shield health bars     shield1_text = font2.render('SHIELD INTEGRITY', True, offwhite)     win.blit(shield1_text, (245, 15))     win.blit(shield1_text, (game_screen_x - 395, 15))       pygame.draw.rect(win, red, (40, 15, 200, 15))     pygame.draw.rect(win, red, (game_screen_x - 240, 15, 200, 15))     pygame.draw.rect(win, green, (40, 15, 200 - (2 * (100 - ship_one.shield)), 15))     pygame.draw.rect(win, green, (game_screen_x - 240, 15, 200 - (2 * (100 - ship_two.shield)), 15))   def clear_screen():     win.fill((0, 0, 0))     win.blit(back_ground, (0, 0))     # create a spaceship   ship_one = spaceship(left_rnd_location_x, left_rnd_location_y, 32, 32, 0, ship_one_image) ship_two = spaceship(right_rnd_location_x, right_rnd_location_y, 32, 32, 0, ship_two_image)   # initial variables s1_fired_shots = [] s2_fired_shots = [] fired_shots_cap = 10 shot_delay_constant = 10 run = True   # main loop while run:     clock.tick(80)       for shot in s1_fired_shots:         if shot.life == 0:             s1_fired_shots.pop(s1_fired_shots.index(shot))     for shot in s2_fired_shots:         if shot.life == 0:             s2_fired_shots.pop(s2_fired_shots.index(shot))       for event in pygame.event.get():         if event.type == pygame.QUIT:             run = False           if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:             if event.key == pygame.K_e:                 ship_one.thrust = True             if event.key == pygame.K_KP8:                 ship_two.thrust = True           if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:             if event.key == pygame.K_e:                 ship_one.thrust = False             if event.key == pygame.K_KP8:                 ship_two.thrust = False       keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()       if keys[pygame.K_f]:  # CW rotation         ship_one.rot_angle -= rotation_max_speed     if keys[pygame.K_KP6]:         ship_two.rot_angle -= rotation_max_speed     if keys[pygame.K_s]:   #CCW rotation         ship_one.rot_angle += rotation_max_speed     if keys[pygame.K_KP4]:         ship_two.rot_angle += rotation_max_speed       if keys[pygame.K_TAB] and len(s1_fired_shots) < fired_shots_cap:         if ship_one.fired_shots_delay == 0:             s1_fired_shots.append(bullet(ship_one.x_move, ship_one.y_move, ship_one.rot_angle, lightblue))             # shoot_sound.play()             ship_one.fired_shots_delay = shot_delay_constant         else:             ship_one.fired_shots_delay -= 1       if keys[pygame.K_RETURN] and len(s2_fired_shots) < fired_shots_cap:         if ship_two.fired_shots_delay == 0:             s2_fired_shots.append(bullet(ship_two.x_move, ship_two.y_move, ship_two.rot_angle, red))             # shoot_sound.play()             ship_two.fired_shots_delay = shot_delay_constant         else:             ship_two.fired_shots_delay -= 1         clear_screen()       #  movement     ship_one.propulsion()     ship_two.propulsion()         all_sprites.update()       #  check for bullet hits       for shot in s1_fired_shots:         shot.updatebullet()           if ship_two.visable:             if collision(shot.x, shot.y, ship_two.x_move, ship_two.y_move, 32):                 ship_two.hitship()                 s1_fired_shots.pop(s1_fired_shots.index(shot))                 if ship_two.shield <= 0:                     tmp = pygame.Rect(ship_two.x_move, ship_two.y_move, 32, 32)                     exp = explosion(tmp.topleft, 'boom')                     explode_sound.play()                     all_sprites.add(exp)                     ship_two.visable = False                     ship_one.score += 1         for shot in s2_fired_shots:         shot.updatebullet()           if ship_one.visable:             if collision(shot.x, shot.y, ship_one.x_move, ship_one.y_move, 32):                 ship_one.hitship()                 s2_fired_shots.pop(s2_fired_shots.index(shot))                 if ship_one.shield <= 0:                     tmp = pygame.Rect(ship_one.x_move, ship_one.y_move, 32, 32)                     exp = explosion(tmp.topleft, 'boom')                     explode_sound.play()                     all_sprites.add(exp)                     ship_one.visable = False                     ship_two.score += 1         # check for ship collisions     if ship_one.visable and ship_two.visable:         tmp1 = pygame.Rect(ship_one.x_move, ship_one.y_move, 32, 32)         tmp2 = pygame.Rect(ship_two.x_move, ship_two.y_move, 32, 32)         # if collision(ship_one.x_move, ship_one.y_move,ship_two.x_move, ship_two.y_move, 24):         # shipscollide(tmp1, tmp2)         if tmp1.colliderect(tmp2):             shipscollide(tmp1, tmp2)             if ship_two.shield <= 0:                 tmp = pygame.Rect(ship_two.x_move, ship_two.y_move, 32, 32)                 exp = explosion(tmp.topleft, 'boom')                 explode_sound.play()                 all_sprites.add(exp)                 ship_two.visable = False                 ship_one.score += 1               if ship_one.shield <= 0:                 tmp = pygame.Rect(ship_one.x_move, ship_one.y_move, 32, 32)                 exp = explosion(tmp.topleft, 'boom')                 explode_sound.play()                 all_sprites.add(exp)                 ship_one.visable = False                 ship_two.score += 1       #  draw new positions         ship_one.ship_draw(win, ship_one.image_list, ship_one.rot_angle)     ship_two.ship_draw(win, ship_two.image_list, ship_two.rot_angle)       status_bar()       all_sprites.draw(win)       pygame.display.flip()   pygame.quit()

[buran]

I moved this to game development, because I think people who are more familiar with pygame can give you better advise/feedback on your code. My idea was to use a dict with angle, e.g. 0, 5, 10, 15... 355 to hold images and then use directly self.rot_angle to get respective image, instead of converting rot_angle to index and retrieving image from list. However I think you have much serious problems with your code and this change is minor compared to them.
for example, in your spaceship.ship_draw() method you have list parameter. as already mentioned - this is bad name, but more importantly - you already have self.images_list and you work with it. There is no need to pass it as argument when you call the method. Same for rot_angle. width and height - are these width and height of the image? why pass them when instantiate the class? and so on...

[codefun45]

I appreciate the input, and your time, buran. Thanks, again.