How to extract data from paragraph using Machine Learning with python?

[bccsthilina]

I plan to build a machine learning based system for the final stage of my degree. To do this, analyze an essay someone has written about themselves and output what they like.

For an example -
Phrase: I prefer cold environment.
Output: cold environment

Phrase: I like surfing.
Output: surfing

1.How can I do this?
2.What are the libraries and technologies can use for this?
3.Are there any useful tutorials for this scenario?